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YOUNG'S 

DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

or 

SCIENTIFIC SECRETS; 

OE 

A COLLECTION OF ABOVE 

500 USEFUL RECEIPTS 

ON A VARIETY OF SUBJECTS. 



i 



TORONTO: 
PRINTED BY [ROWSELL & ELLIS, 

KING STREET EAST. 
1861. 






Entered, according to Act of Provincial Legislature, in the year 

of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, 

Br DANIEL YOUNG, 

In the office of the Registrar of the Province of Canada. 



Exchange 
Western Ont. Univ. U 

Feb- 25- 1938 



INTRODUCTION. 



The object of the present work is clearly 
announced in its title. It is to collect within a 
small compass the instructions of experimental 
knowledge upon a great variety of subjects which 
relate to the present interests of man. It con- 
tains above five hundred genuine and practical 
receipts, which have been compiled by the pub- 
lisher with extreme difficulty and expense. A 
reference to the list of subjects which the work 
contains, will show that the pulisher's researches 
have been extensive, while a comparison of the 
work with others of the same general character 
evinces patient labour, and cannot fail to give 
it pre-eminence. While the track pursued is not 
new, it is more thorough, and more easily fol- 
lowed than that marked out by any previous com- 
piler known to myself. The work contains not 



IV. INTRODUCTION. 

merely the outlines on the subjects to which it 
refers, but, what appears to my own mind one of 
its excellences, the full and clear explanations of 
these subjects. To all classes of people, without 
exception, the work is of great value. It is fit, 
on every account, that the publisher should be 
encouraged in this production. The work is wor- 
thy the acceptance of all, and one which every 
man may prize. 

ERRATA : 

Page 117, and seventh line from top, and page 60, third line 
from bottom, says — tin or silver foil, they should be silver leaf. 



DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 



SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 



1. ORIENTAL PAINTING. 

Any bunch of roses or flowers, or any thing of 
the kind that you admire, take the pattern of by 
placing them against a light of window-glass, then 
lay apiece of white paper over them, and through 
the latter you will see the roses, &c. Now with a 
lead pencil take the pattern of the roses, &c, on 
the paper ; when you have them all marked, cut 
them out with a scissors, so that you have a com- 
plete pattern of them. Now take a piece of glass, 
whatever size your pattern requires, stick the pat- 
tern on it with wafers, then paint the glass all over, 
except where the pattern covers, with black paint, 
composed of refined lampblack, black enamel, copel 
varnish and turpentine, mixed. Now let this dry, 



6 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

then take off your patterns and paint your roses, 
flowers, &c, with tube paints, mixed with dcmar 
varnish, so that your roses, &c, may be, in a man- 
ner, transparent. Paint your large roses red, some 
of the smaller ones yellow, or any colour to suit 
your taste. Paint one side of the leaves a darker 
shade of green than the other, which will make the 
picture appear as though the sun was shining on it. 
"When this painting is dry, take silver or gold foil, 
(gold is best,) wrinkle it up in yoiuvhand, then 
nearly straighten it, and cover the back of the 
glass all over with it ; over the large roses let the 
wrinkles be larger, over the small ones smaller, 
&c. ; then lay a piece of stiff paper, the size of the 
glass, over the foil, and a piece of very thin board 
again over this ; have it framed in thisjnanner and 
it is completed. You now have one of the richest 
of paintings, which is commonly taught at a cost of 
$5. You may buy all you require for this painting 
at the druggist's. 

2. TRANSFER PAINTING ON GLASS, 

This is for transferring any picture plate you 
please to glass, to be framed. First give the 
glass a coat of demar varnish ; let it remain for 



OP SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. < 

eight hours, or until dry ; at this time have your 
picture thoroughly soaked in warm, water : then 
give the glass another coat of demar varnish, and 
take the picture out of the water ; then let it and 
the glass remain for twenty minutes, by which time 
the water will be struck in from the face of the 
picture, after which you will place the front of the 
picture on the varnished glass, (avoiding wrinkles 
and spots of water.) press it well on until every 
part is stuck fast, then carefully rub the paper all 
away to a mere film ; give the glass then, over this 
film, another coat of demar varnish, which will 
make the film transparent ; let it dry ; then place 
the glass, with the varnished side towards you, be- 
tween you and the light, and you will see the out- 
lines of the picture quite distinctly ; you may then 
paint on the back with tube paints, mixed with a 
little demar varnish to assist in drying, to suit 
your taste. For instance, if the picture is that of 
a lady, you may paint the dress red, the shawl or 
cape, as it may be, blue, the face flesh colour, 
(which colour may be made by mixing a little red 
with white.) the bonnet scarlet, the shoes black; if 
there is to be a sky colour have it a sky blue, if 
trees, have them green, &c. All you want for this 
painting you may also buy at the druggist's. This 



8 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

painting is very simple and elegant, it is commonly 
taught at a cost of $3. Try it, you cannot fail. 

3. TRANSFER VARNISH. 

Take of Canada balsam 3 drachms ; gum sandric 
3 drachms; spirits of wine J pint. Dissolve the 
balsam and gum in the spirits of wine and it is 
ready for use. 

4. WHITE SPIRIT VARNISH.— The very 

BEST. 

Take of gum sandrack 4 ounces ; mastic 1 ounce; 
Elmi rosin J- ounce ; Venice turpentine 1 ounce ; 
alcohol 15 ounces. Digest in a bottle, frequently 
shaking, till the gums are dissolved, and it is then 
ready for use. 

5. TRANSFER PAINTING ON WOOD. 

By this you may transfer any picture you please 
from paper to a cutter back, or any other sub- 
stance you please. Give the board three coats of 
white spirit varnish, receipt No. 4 ; damp the back 
of the print with strong vinegar ; give the front a 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 9 

very heavy coat of the transfer varnish, receipt No. 
3 ; then press it on the board, avoiding creases ; 
when perfectly dry and fast, rub the paper away ; 
the print is indelibly fixed ; then varnish it over 
as you would any other painting. This receipt has 
been commonly sold for 85. 

6. ELECTRO GOLD PLATING.— New method. 

Take 100 grams of laminated gold, mixed with 
20 grams of hydrchloric acid ; 10 grams of nitric 
acid ; the liquid thus composed is placed over a 
moderate fire, and stirred constantly until the gold 
passes into the state of chlorine ; it is then allowed 
to cool. A second liquid is formed by dissolving 
60 grams of cyanide of potassium in 80 grams of 
distilled waters ; the two liquids are mixed together 
in a decanter and stired for 20 minutes, and then 
filtered. Finally 100 grams of whiting, dry and 
sifted, are mixed with 5 grams of pulverised super- 
tartrate of potass ; this new powder is dissolved in 
a portion of the above described liquid, in sufficient 
quantity to form a paste of the proper consistency 
to be spread with a pencil on the article or part to 
be gilded. The superabundant powder is then 

removed by washing, and the article is beautifully 
a2 



10 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

gilded with a heavy or light coat, according to the 
quantity of paste used. Grams belong to French 
weights, four grams are a little more than one 
drachm. 

7. ELECTRO SILVERING.— New Method. 

10 grams of nitrate of silver are dissolved in 
50 grams of distilled water ; then 25 gram3 of 
cyanide of potassium in 50 grams of distilled 
water ; the two liquids are mixed in a decanter, 
and stirred for 10 minutes ; it is then filtered. 
Finally, 100 grams of sifted whiting are mixed 
with 10 grams of pulverised supertartrate of 
potass and one gram of mercury. This powder 
and dissolving liquid are used in the same manner 
as in the above method of gold plating. These 
excellent methods of silvering and gilding were 
discovered in June, 1860, by the great French 
chemist Baldooshong of Paris, France. It is far 
superior to any other method ever discovered, and 
will eventually take the place of all. 

8. ELECTRO GOLD PLATING.— Usual 
Method. 

Take a $2 50c. piece of gold, and put it into a 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 11 

mixture of 1 ounce of nitric and 4 ounces of 
muriatic acids, (glass vessels only are to be used in 
this work,) when it is all cut dissolve f an ounce 
of sulphate of potash in one pint of pure rain 
water, and mix with the gold solution, stirring 
well ; then let it stand and the gold will be thrown 
down ; then pour off the acid fluid, and wash the 
gold in two or three waters, or until no acid is 
tasted by touching the tongue to the gold. Now 
dissolve one ounce of cyanuret of potassium in 
one pint of pure rain water, to which add the gold, 
and it is ready to use. Clean the article to be 
plated from all dirt and grease with whiting and a 
good brush ; if there are cracks it may be neces- 
sary to put the article in a solution of caustic 
potash. At all events every particle of dirt and 
grease must be removed ; then suspend the article 
in the cyanuret of gold solution, with a small strip 
of zinc cut about the width of a common knitting 
needle, hooking the top over a stick which will 
reach across the top of the vessel or bottle hold- 
ing the solution. If the zinc is too large the 
deposit will be made so fast that it will scale off. 
The slower the plating goe3 on the better, and 
this is arranged by the size of the zinc used. 
When not using the plating fluid keep it well 



12 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

corked and it is always ready to use, bearing in 
mind that it is poison as arsenic, and must be put 
high out of the way of children, and labelled 
poison, although you need have no fear in using it ; 
yet accidents might arise if its nature were not 
known. 

9. ELECTRO SILVERING.— Usual Method. 

This is done every way the same as gold plating 
(using coin) except that rock salt is used instead 
of the cyanuret of potassium to hold the silver in 
solution for use, and when it is of the proper 
strength of salt it has a thick curdy appearance, 
or you can add salt until the silver will deposit on 
the article to be plated, which is all that is 
required. No hesitation need be felt in trying 
these receipts, as they are obtained from a genuine 
source, and are in every day use. 

10. GOLD PLATING FLUID. 

Warm six ounces of pure rain water, and dis- 
solve in it 2 ounces of cyanide of potassium, then 
add a J ounce oxide of gold ; the solution will at 
first be yellowish, but will soon subside to white ; 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 16 

then half fill a bottle with whiting, fill it up with 
this solution, and shake it well ; you may now 
take a piece of old cotton, wet it with the solution, 
rub it well over brass, copper, &c, and it is nicely 
washed with gold. 

11. SILVER PLATING FLUID. 

Dissolve one ounce of nitrate of silver, in crystal, 
in 12 ounces of soft water ; then dissolve in the 
water two ounces cyanuret of potash ; shake the 
whole together and let it stand until it becomes 
clear. Have ready some J ounce vials, and fill 
them half full of whiting, then fill up the bottles 
and it is ready for use. The whiting does not 
increase the coating powder — it only helps to clear 
the articles and save the silver fluid by half filling 
the bottles. The above quantity of materials will 
cost about §l'62c, so that the fluid will be about 
3 cents a bottle. It is used in the same way as 
the gold plating fluid. 

12. QUICKSILVER PLATING FLUID. 

Take of quicksilver one ounce, one ounce nitric 
acid, one ten cent piece, rain water J- pint to a 



14 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

pint, put the three first articles into a tumbler 
together ; let them stand until all dissolved, occa- 
sionally stirring, then add the water, and it is 
ready for use. This is used in the same way as 
the silver and gold plating fluid. 

13. TO GILD STEEL. 

Pour some of the ethereal solution of gold into 
a wine-glass, and dip into it the blade of a new 
penknife, lancet, razor, &c, withdraw the instru- 
ment and allow the ether to evaporate, the blade 
will then be found covered with a beautiful coat of 
gold ; the blade may be moistened with a clean 
rag or a small piece of very dry sponge dipped 
into the ether, and the same effect will be pro- 
duced. 

14. TO GILD COPPER, BRASS, &c— By an 
Amalgam. 

The gilding of these inferior metals and alloys 
of them is effected by the assistance of mercury 
with which the gold is amalgamated. The mer- 
cury is evaporated while the gold is fixed by the 
application of heat, the whole is then burnished 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 15 

or left mat in the whole or in part, according as 
required. 

15. GILDING GLASS AND PORCELAIN. 

Dissolve in boiling linseed oil an equal weight 
either of copal or amber, and add as much oil of 
turpentine as will enable you to apply the com- 
pound or size thus formed as thin as possible to 
the parts of the glass intended to be gilt ; the 
glass is to be placed in a stove till it is so warm as 
almost to burn the fingers when handled. At 
this temperature the size becomes adhesive, and a 
piece of leaf gold applied in the usual way will 
immediately stick. Sweep off the superfluous 
portions of the leaf, ahr 1 when quite cold it may 
be burnished, taking care to interpose a piece of 
india^ paper between the gold and the burnisher. 
It sometimes happens when the varnish is not 
very good that by repeated washing the gold 
wears off; on this account the practice of burning 
it in is sometimes had recourse to ; for this purpose 
some gold-powder is ground with borax, and in 
this state applied to the clean surface of the glass 
by a camel hair pencil ; when quite dry the 
glass is put into a stove, heated to about the 



16 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

temperature of an annealing oven, the gum burns 
off; and the borax, bj vitrifying, cements the gold 
with great firmness to the glass, after which it may 
be burnished. 

The gilding upon porcelain is in like manner 
fixed by heat and the use of borax, and this kind 
of ware, being neither transparent nor liable to 
soften, and thus to be injured in its form in a low 
red heat, is free from the risk and injury which 
the finer and more fusible kinds of glass are apt to 
sustain from such treatment. Porcelain and other 
wares may be platinized, silvered, tinned, or 
bronzed, in a similar manner. 

16. GILDING THE EDGES OF PAPER. 

The edges of the leaves of books and letter 
paper are gilded whilst in a horizontal position in 
the bookbinder's press or some arrangement of 
the same nature, by first applying a composition 
formed of four parts of Armenian-bole and one of 
candied sugar, ground together with water to a 
proper consistence, and laid on by a brush with 
the white of an egg. This coating, when nearly 
dry is smoothed by the burnisher, it is then slightly 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 17 

moistened by a sponge dipped in clean water and 
squeezed in the hand ; the gold leaf is now 
taken up on a piece of cotton from the leathern 
cushion and applied on the moistened surface ; 
when dry it is to be burnished by rubbing the 
burnisher over it repeatedly from end to end, 
taking care not to wound the surface by the point. 

17. PROFESSOR WORTS' AMALGAM FOR 
SILVERING. 

This is the only means yet discovered for sil- 
vering iron directly, yet it is not so lasting as some 
of the other processes. Take quicksilver and the 
metal potassium, equal parts by volume, put them 
together in a tumbler, and if both metals be good 
there will be a brisk ebullition, which continues 
until an amalgam of the two is formed, then add 
as much quicksilver as there is of the amalgam ; 
let it work till thoroughly mixed, and it is ready 
for use. This amalgam you may apply with a 
cloth to any metal, even iron, though it be a rusty 
bar, and you have it neatly silvered over. 

18. FOR COPPERING IRON. 

This is the latest method, and that now in use. 

B 



18 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

To a solution of sulphate of copper, add a solution 
of ferrocyanide of pottasium, so long as a precipitate 
continues to be formed. This is allowed to settle, 
and the clear liquor being decanted the vessel is 
filled with water, and when the precipitate settles 
the liquor is again decanted, and continue to 
repeat these washings until the sulphate of potash 
is washed quite out ; this is known by adding a 
little chloride of barium to a small quantity of the 
washings, and when there is no white precipitate 
formed by this test, the precipitate is sufficiently 
washed. A solution of cyanide of potassium is 
now added to this precipitate until it is dissolved, 
during which process the solution becomes warm 
by the chemical re-action which takes place. The 
solution is filtered, and allowed to repose all night. 
If the solution of cyanide of potassium that is used 
is strong, the greater portion of the ferrocyanide 
of potassium crystalises in the solution, and may 
be collected and preserved for use again. If the 
solution of cyanide of potassium used to dissolve 
the precipitate is dilute, it will be necessary to 
condense the liquor by evaporation to obtain the 
yellow prussiate in crystals. The remaining solu- 
tion is the coppering solution ; should it not be 
convenient to separate the yellow prussiate by 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 19 

crystallization, the presence of that salt in the 
solution does not deteriorate it nor interfere with 
its power of depositing copper. 

19. PECULIARITIES IN WORKING CYA- 
NIDE OF COPPER SOLUTION. 

The true composition of the salts thus formed 
by copper and cyanide of potassium has not yet 
been determined, but their relations to the battery 
and electrolyzation are peculiar. The solution 
must be worked at a heat not less than from 150° 
to 200°. Farenheit, (that is, not quite as hot as 
boiling water, which is 212° Farenheit.) All other 
solutions we have tried follow the laws, that if the 
electricity is so strong as to cause gas to be evolved 
at the electrode, the metal will be deposited in a 
sandy or powdered state, but the solution of 
cyanide of copper and potassium is an exception 
to these laws, as there is no reguline deposit 
obtained unless gas is freely evolved from the 
surface of the article upon which the deposit is 
taking place. As this solution is used hot, a con- 
siderable evaporation takes place, which requires 
that additions be made to the solution from time 
to time. If water alone be used for this purpose 



20 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

it •will precipitate a great quantity of the copper 
as a white powder, but this is prevented by dis- 
solving a little cyanide of potassium in the water 
at the rate of about 4 ounces to the gallon. The 
vessels used in factories for this solution are gene- 
rally of copper, which are heated over a flue or in 
a sand-bath, the vessel itself serving as the positive 
electrode of the battery ; but any vessel will suit 
if a copper electrode is employed when the vessel 
is not of copper. 

20, PREPARATION OF IRON FOR COAT- 
ING WITH COPPER. 

When it is required to cover an iron article with 
copper, it is first steeped in hot caustic potash or 
soda to remove any grease or oil. Being washed 
from that it is placed for a short time in diluted 
sulphuric acid, consisting of about one part of acid 
to 16 parts of water, which removes any oxide that 
may exist. It is then washed in water and scoured 
with sand till the surface is perfectly clean, and 
finally attached to the battery and immersed in 
the cyanide solution. All this must be done with 
dispatch so as to prevent the iron from combining 
with oxygen. An immersion of five minutes dura- 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 21 

tion in the cyanide solution is sufficient to deposit 
upon the iron a film of copper, but it is necessary 
to the complete protection of the iron that it should 
have a considerably thick coating, and, as the 
cyanide process is expensive, it is preferable when 
the iron has received a film of copper by the 
cyanide solution, to take it out, wash it in water, 
and attach it to a simple cell or weak battery, and 
put it into a solution of sulphate of copper. If 
there is any part not sufficiently covered with 
copper by the cyanide solution, the sulphate will 
make these parts of a dark colour, which a touch of 
the finger will remove. When such is the case, 
the article must be taken out, scoured, and put 
again into the cyanide solution till perfectly 
covered. A little practice will render this very 
easy. The sulphate solution for covering iron 
should by prepared by adding to it by degrees a 
little caustic potash, so long as the precipitate 
formed is re-dissolved. This neutralizes a great 
portion of the sulphuric acid, and thus the iron is 
not so readily acted upon. When the iron is thus 
coppered, proceed to silver it in the manner recom- 
mended for silvering according to receipt No. 9 ; 
or if you want to put a very heavy coating of 
silver on it, make use of a strong battery. 
b2 



22 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

21. SOLDERING FLUID. 

For mending articles of tin, iron, zinc, copper, 
and almost all other metals. Take 2 fl. ounces 
of muriatic acid, add zinc till bubbles cease to 
rise, add j- a teaspoonful of sal ammoniac and 2 
ounces of water. Damp the part you wish to 
solder with this fluid, lay on a small piece of lead, 
and with a piece of hot iron or soldering iron 
solder the part.. 

22. SOLDER FOR TIN. 

Take of pewter 4 parts, tin 1 part, bismuth 1 
part; melt them together. Resin is used with 
this solder. 

23. COLD METHOD OF SILVERING IRON 
WITH SILVER-PLATE. 

Polish the iron you wish to silver, then damp it 
over with soldering fluid (receipt No. 21.) When 
this is done give it a coat of No. 22 solder. This 
is done by laying a piece of cold solder on the 
iron, and spreading it over with a heated soldering 
iron, when by this means you get the iron nicely 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECEETS. 23 

plated with solder, then lay on your silver-plate 
evenly, and gently rub it over with the heated 
soldering iron, and it will become firmly united 
with the solder as the solder is with the iron, so 
that you have the iron beautifully plated with 
silver with very little cost or trouble. 

24. HOT METHOD OF SILVERING IRON 

WITH SILVER-PLATE. 

First polish the iron you wish to silver, wet it 
well over with No. 21 soldering fluid ; then having 
procured that kind of silver-plate which is tin on 
one side and silver on the other, place it evenly 
on, with the tined side next the iron, then place it 
on the fire until the silver-plate melts down, then 
at once take it from the fire, and it will be firmly 
attached to the iron, and will be an excellent 
plate ; yet No. 23, the cold method, is to be pre- 
ferred in most cases. 

25. SILVERING LOOKING-GLASSES WITH 

QUICKSILVER. 

Take a piece of marble or some other substance 
very smooth, true, and level, lay on this the glass 



24 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

you wish to silver, then make a ridge of putty on 
the marhle against the edge of the glass all round 
it, so that you can pour quicksilver on the glass 
until it is all covered over, and will be prevented 
from running off by the ridge of putty ; an inch, 
or two, or three outside this ridge make another of 
putty ; then cover the quicksilver on the glass all 
over with tin-foil ; next take a flat smooth article 
just the size of your glass, lay it over the tin-foil, 
and press it firmly but cautiously against the glass 
until you have squeezed out all the quicksilver you 
can. While you press this you may remove part 
of the first ridge of putty to give the quicksilver a 
chance to escape. When it is well pressed against 
the glass there will be an amalgam formed of the 
tin-foil and quicksilver that is left, which will 
firmly adhere to the glass. By this means you 
will have a very beautiful and cheap looking-glass ; 
the quicksilver that escapes, being saved by the 
second ridge of putty, may be used again. 

26. SILVERING LOOKING-GLASSES WITH 
PURE SILVER. 

Prepare a mixture of 3 grains of ammonia, 60 
grains of nitrate of silver, 90 minims of spirits of 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 25 

wine, 90 minims of water ; when the nitrate of 
silver is dissolved, filter the liquid and add a 
small quantity of sugar (15 grains) dissolved in 
ljoz. of water, and ljoz. of spirits of wine. Put 
the glass into this mixture, having one side covered 
with varnish, gum, or some substance to prevent 
the silver being attached to it. Let it remain for 
a few days and you have a most elegant looking- 
glass, yet it is far more costly than the quicksilver. 

27. PATENT BURNING FLUID. 

To 1 gallon of 95 per cent, alcohol, add 1 quart 
of camphene oil ; mix and shake well, and if trans- 
parent it is fit for use, if not, add sufficient alcohol, 
shaking well, to bring it to the natural colour of the 
alcohol. It may be coloured to suit the fancy by 
adding a little tincture of golden seal, or any 
other coloring drug. This receipt has been sold 
for 810. 

28. BURNING FLUID. 

Take 4 quarts alcohol, and 1 quart spirits of 
turpentine ; mix well together, and it is ready 
for use. 



26 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

29. NON-EXPLOSIVE BURNING FLUID. 

Take 1 gallon 44 proof alcohol, 1 quart cam- 
phene, 3oz. of alum pulverised, Joz. camphor gum, 
65 drops cuicuma; mix all together and let it 
stand for 12 hours, and it is ready for use. 

30. VINEGAR IN THREE DAYS WITHOUT 
DRUGS.^ 

Take 2 barrels and saw one of them in two in 
the centre, and put one-half on the top, and the 
other at the bottom of the whole barrel, (or you 
may use three whole barrels if you like.) The 
middle barrel is to be filled with maple, beech, or 
baswood shavings, which are to be planed from the 
edge of boards only two or three feet long, which 
allows the shavings to roll, and prevents them from 
packing tight, and also allows air to circulate 
through them, which is admitted through a num- 
ber of incb holes, which are to be made near the 
bottom of the barrel and just above the faucet, 
which lets the vinegar run into the tub below. 
The top tub has its bottom pierced with small 
bit holes, having several threads of twine hanging 
in them to conduct the vinegar evenly over the 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 2T 

top of the shavings in the middle of the barrel. 
Air must be permitted to pass out between the top 
tub and barrel, which come3 in at the holes in the 
bottom. The shavings which fill the barrel must 
be soaked three or four days in good vinegar 
before they are put in. When thus arranged, for 
every gallon of water use Jib. of sugar ; (that you 
get from molasses barrels does very well.) If you 
wish to make vinegar from whiskey, put in 4 
gallons of water to 1 gallon of whiskey ; and if 
from cider, put in one-third water, and fill the top 
tub with this fluid, putting 1 pint good yeast to 
each barrel making ; and have the holes with, 
threads or twine so arranged that it will run 
through every twelve hours ; and dip or pump up 
with a wooden pump every night or morning, and 
three days will make good substantial vinegar, 
which will keep and also improve by age. Some 
use only 1 gallon of whiskey to 7 gallons of 
water. This accounts for so much poor vinegar. 
Make good vinegar, it will pay you. If a few 
gallons of the water is made boiling hot so as to 
warm the whole of a gentle warmth, it will make 
faster than if used cold. This must be done in 
cool weather, and the room also should be kept 
warm. For families, small kegs will do, but for 



28 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

manufacturers large casks are best. Many make 
vinegar by just putting fluid into the barrels of 
shavings, soaked as directed above, and do not let 
it run through, but let it stand in the shavings till 
sour ; but it does not work fast enough for manu- 
facturers. It will do where only a small amount 
is needed, keeping the same strength of fluid as 
for the other plan, which is best. Two or three 
years ago this receipt was sold for from §50 to 
$150. If vinegar is made from whiskey, it will 
have a more beautiful color if 5 or 6 lbs. of sugar 
is put into each barrel, of course keeping the same 
proportions of water as though only one kind was 
used. The shavings will last the whole season. 

31. CUBA HONEY. 

Good brown sugar lllbs., water 1 quart, old 
bee honey in the comb 21bs., cream tartar 50 
grains, gum arabic loz., oil of pepperment 5 drops 
oil of rose 2 drops, mix and boil two or three 
minutes and remove from the fire, have ready 
strained one quart of water, in which a table- 
spoonful of pulverized slippery elm bark has 
stood sufficiently long to make it ropy and thick 
like honey, mix this into the kettle with egg well 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 29 

beat up, skim well in a few minutes, and when a 
little cool, add two pounds of nice strained bees' 
honey, and then strain the whole, and you will 
have not only an article which looks and tastes 
like honey, but which possesses all its medicinal 
properties. It has been shipped in large quanti- 
ties under the name of Cuba honey. It will keep 
fresh and nice for any length of time if properly 
covered. 

32. EXCELLENT HONEY. 

Take 5 lbs. of good common sugar, two pounds 
of water, gradually bring to a boil, skimming well, 
when cool add lib. bees' honey, and 4 drops of 
peppermint. If you desire a better article use 
white sugar and Jib. less water, and one half 
pound more honey. 

33. GUNPOWDER. 

Take pulverized saltpetre, moisten it, and sub- 
ject it to the action of a slow fire until completely 
dried and granulated, of this take 75 parts, puri- 
fied sugar 12 and a-half parts, moisten and grind 
together till completely blended, which will require 
several hours, pulverize on heaters till dried. 



30 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

34. EXCELLENT MATCHES. 

The ends of the tapers or wood should be very 
dry, and then dipped in hot melted sulphur and 
laid aside to dry; then take 4 parts of glue, 
dissolve it and while hot add one part of phos- 
phorus, and stir in a few spoonsful of fine whiting 
to bring it to the proper thickness. This prepara- 
tion should be kept hot by being suspended over 
a lamp, while dipping the wood or taper3. Colour 
the mixture by adding a little vermillion, lamp- 
black or prussian blue ; be careful not to ignite 
the compound while dipping. 

35. FIRE AND WATER-PROOF CEMENT. 

To half a pint of milk add half a pint of vinegar 
to curdle it ; then separate the curd from the whey, 
and mix the whey with 4 or 5 eggs ; beating the 
whole well together ; when it is well mixed, add a 
little quick-lime through a sieve, until it has acquir- 
ed the consistence of a thick paste. This is a prime 
article for cementing marble, in or out of the 
weather. It is also excellent for broken vessels, 
&c. 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 31 

36. FRENCH CHEMICAL SOAP. 

Take 5 lbs. castile soap, cut fine, 1 pint alcohol, 
1 pint soft water, 2 ounces aquafortis, (if for black 
cloth J ounce of lampblack,) 2 ounces saltpetre, 3 
ounces potash, 1 ounce camphor, 4 ounces cinna- 
mon in powder. First dissolve the soap, potash, 
and saltpetre by boiling, then add all the other 
articles, and continue to stir until it cools, then 
pour it into a box, let it stand 24 hours, and cut it 
into cakes. It is used for taking grease, stains, 
and paints from cloth, wood, &c. This receipt has 
been frequently sold for $10. 

37. BLACK INK, WITHOUT SEDIMENT. 

This ink is not injured by frost — is a beautiful 
article, and only costs 5 cents, per gallon, and is 
sold for from $1 to $3. 

Take lib. logwood, 1 gallon soft water, simmer 
in an iron vessel for one hour, then dissolve in a 
little hot water 24 grains bychromate of potash, 
and 12 grains prussiate of potash, and stir into the 
liquid while over the fire, then take it off and strain 
it through a fine cloth. This ink is a jet black, 
c2 



32 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

flows freely from the pen, and will stand the the 
test of oexylic acid. 

38. INDELIBLE INK. 

1 inch of the stick of the nitrate of silver dis- 
solved in a little water, and stirred into each gal- 
lon of the above, makes a first rate indelible ink 
for cloth. Judge what indelible ink costs. 

39. INDELIBLE INK. 

Nitrate of silver 1J oz., dissolved in liquor am- 
monia fortisine 5J oz., orchil for colouring j- oz., 
gum mucilage 12 oz , mix the two latter, then mix 
them with the two former, and it is ready for use. 

40. WRITING FLUID, OR BLACK COPY- 
ING INK. 

Take two gallons of rain water and put into it 
gum arabic \ lb., brown sugar Jib., clean copperas 
\ lb., powdered nut galls f lb., mix and shake 
occasionally for ten days, and strain. If needed 
sooner, let it stand in an iron kettle until the 
strength is obtained. This ink can be depended 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 33 

on for deeds or records, which you may want some 
one to read hundreds of years to come. (Exylic 
acid J oz. was formerly put in, but [as it destroys 
the steel pens, and does just as well without it — it 
is now never used. 

41. BEST INK POWDER. 

This is formed of the dry ingredients for ink, 
powdered and mixed. Take powdered galls one 
pound, powdered green vitriol half a pound, pow- 
dered gum 4 ounces, mix all together, put it up into 
2 ounce packages, each of which will make a pint 
of ink. 

£% BEST RED INK. 

Take of best carmine (nakarot) 2 grains, rain 
water J ounce, water of ammonia 20 drops, add a 
little gum-arabic, and it is in a few minutes ready 
for use. 

43. YELLOW INK. 

Dissolve alum in saffron water to whatever shade 
of yellow you please. It makes a beautiful ink. 



34 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

44. BLUE INK. 

Take Prussian blue, and cexylic acid, in equal 
parts, powder finely, and add soft water to bring it 
to a soft paste, and let it stand for a few days, then 
add soft water to the desired shade of colour ; add 
a little gum-arabic to prevent spreading. 

45. GOLDEN INK. 

Take some white gum-arabic, reduce it to an 
impalpable powder in a brass mortar, dissolve 
it in strong brandy, and add a little common 
water to render it more liquid, provide some 
gold in a shell, which must be detached in order 
to reduce it to a powder, when this is done 
moisten it with the gum solution, and stir the 
whole with a small hair brush, or your finger, 
then leave it for a night that the gold may 
be better dissolved. If the composition becomes 
dry during the night, dilute it with more gum 
water in which a little saffron has been infused, 
but take care that the gold solution be sufficiently 
liquid to flow freely in a pen ; when the writing is 
dry polish it with a dry tooth. 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 35 

46. WHITE INK FOR WRITING ON a BLACK 
PAPER. 

Having carefully washed some egg shells, re- 
move the internal skin and grind them on a piece 
of porphyry, then put the powder in a small 
vessel of pure water, and when it has settled at 
the bottom, draw off the water and dry the powder 
in the sun. This powder must be preserved in a 
bottle ; when you want to use it put a small 
quantity of gum-ammoniac into distilled vinegar, 
and leave it to dissolve during the night, next 
morning the solution will appear exceedingly 
white, and if you then strain it through a piece of 
linen cloth, and add to it the powder of egg shells 
in sufficient quantity, you will obtain a very white 
ink. 

4T. SECRET INK FOR YOUNG LADIES 
AND GENTS. 

Take a drachm of clean rain water, put into it, 
in a clean vial, 10 or 12 drops of pure, clear sul- 
phuric acid, and it is ready for use ; write with 
this using a clean quill pen on letter paper, and 
when dry you can see no mark at all, then hold it 
to a strong heat and the writing becomes as 



36 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

black as jet. If you want to write to a young 
lady or gentleman, as the case maybe, and fearing 
that the letter might be opened before she or he 
gets it, write with common black ink something of 
no importance, then between the lines write what 
you want to say with the secret ink. The person 
to whom you are writing must understand the 
scheme so. that she or he may hold it to the heat 
and thereby make the writing visible. 

48. CIDER WITHOUT APPLES. 

To each gallon of cold water put 1 lb. common 
sugar, j- ounce of tartaric acid, one tablespoonful 
of yeast, shake well, make in the evening and it 
will be fit for use next day. I make in a keg a 
few gallons at a time, leaving a few quarts to 
make into next time, not using yeast again until 
the keg needs rinsing. If it gets a little sour, 
make a little more into it or put as much water 
with it as there is cider and put it with the vinegar. 
If it is desired to bottle this cider by manufacturers 
of small drinks, you will proceed as follows : put 
in a barrel 5 gallons of hot water, 301bs. of brown 
sugar, jib. of tartaric acid, 25 gallons of cold 
water, 3 pints of hop or brewer's yeast, work into 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 37 

paste with fib. of flour, and one pint water will 
be required in making this paste ; put all together 
in a barrel which it will fill and let it work 24 
hours, the yeast running out at the bung all the 
time by putting in a little occasionally to keep it 
full ; then bottle, putting in two or three broken 
raisins to each bottle, and it will nearly equal 
champagne. 

49. SPRUCE OR AROMATIC BEER. 

Take 3 gallons of water, 2J pints molasses, 3 
eggs well beaten, 1 gill yeast, put into two quarts 
of the water boiling hot, put in 50 drops of any 
oil you wish the flavour of, or mix one ounce 
each, oil sarsafras, spruce, and wintergreen ; then 
use the 50 drops. For ginger flavour take 2 
ounces ginger root bruised and a few hops, and 
boil for 30 minutes in one gallon of the water, 
strain and mix all ; let it stand 2 hours and bottle, 
using yeast, of course, as before. 

50. LEMON BEER. 

To make 20 gallons, boil 6 ounces of ginger 

root bruised, Jib. cream-tartar for 20 or 30 minutes 
c3 



35 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

in 2 or 3 gallons of water ; this will be strained 
into 131bs. of coffee sugar on which you have put 
loz. oil of lemon and six good lemons all squeezed 
up together, having warm water enough to make 
the whole 20 gallons, just so you can hold your 
hand in it without burning, or about TO degrees of 
heat ; put in 1J pint hops or brewer's yeast 
worked into paste as for cider, with 5 or 6 ozs. 
of flour ; let it work over night, then strain and 
bottle for use. This will keep a number of days. 

51. PHILADELPHIA BEER. 

Take 30 gallons of water, brown sugar 201bs., 
ginger root bruised Jib., cream-tartar ljlb., carbo- 
nate of soda 3 ounces, oil of lemon 1 teaspoonful, 
put in a little alcohol, the white of 10 eggs well 
beaten, hops 2 ounces, yeast one quart. The 
ginger root and hops should be boiled for 20 or 30 
minutes in enough of the water to make all milk 
warm ; then strain into the rest, and the yeast 
added and allowed to work itself clear as the 
cider and bottled. 

52 SILVER TOP DRINK. 

Take of water 3 quarts, white sugar 4 lbs., oil 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 39 

of lemons one teaspoonful, white of 5 eggs, 
beaten with one teaspoonful of flour ; boil to form 
syrum, then divide into equal parts, and to one 
add 3 ounces of tartaric acid, and to the other 
part 4 oz. of carbonate of soda, then take two-thirds 
of a glass of water, and put in a spoonful of each 
of the syrups, more or less, according to the size 
of the glass. 

53. DIRECTIONS FOR MAKING SODA 
DRINKS. 

In getting up any of the soda drinks which are 
spoken of hereafter it will be preferable to put 
about 4oz. of carbonate (sometimes called super- 
carbonate) of soda into one pint of water, and 
shake when you wish to make a glass of soda, and 
pour from this into the glass until it foams well 
instead of using dry soda as directed. 

54. IMPERIAL CREAM NECTAR, 

Part 1st. — Take 1 gallon water, 61bs. loaf 
sugar, 6 ounces tartaric acid, gum arabic loz. 
Part 2nd. — Take 4 teaspoonsful of flour, the whites 
of four eggs beat finely together, then add \ pint of 



40 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

water. Heat the first part until it is blood-warm, 
then put in the second, boil 3 minutes and it is 
done. Directions. — To 3 tablespoonfuls of the 
syrup in a glass half or two-thirds full of water 
add one-third of a teaspoonful of carbonate of soda 
made fine, stir well, and drink at your leisure. 

55. A SUPERIOR GINGER BEER. 

Take of sugar lOlbs., lemon juice 9 oz., honey 
Jib., bruised ginger root 11 oz., water 9 galls., 
yeast 3 pints, boil the ginger in the water until 
the strength is all extracted, which you may tell 
by tasting the root, then pour it into a tub, throw- 
ing the roots away, let it stand until nearly luke 
warm, then put in all the rest of the ingredients, 
stir well until all dissolved, cover it over with a 
cloth, and if it be in the evening, let it remain 
until next morning, then strain through cloth, and 
bottle it, and in a short time it will be fit for use. 
Some use less sugar, and some less lemon juice, to 
make it with less expense ; but it is not so elegant 
a drink as this. 

56. GINGER POP No. 1. 

Take of water 5 J- galls., ginger root bruised 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 41 

fib., tartaric acid Joz., white sugar 2 Jibs., the 
whites of 3 eggs well beat, a small teaspoonful of 
oil of lemon, yeast 1 gill; boil the root for 30 
minutes in 1 gallon of the water, strain off, and 
put the oil in while hot, mix all well, make over 
night, in the morning skim, and bottle, keeping 
out sediment. 

57. GINGER POP No. 2. 

Take best white Jamaica ginger root bruised 
2oz., water 6 quarts, boil 20 minutes and strain, 
then add cream tartar loz,, white sugar lib. ; put 
on the fire, and stir until all the sugar is dis- 
solved ; then put into an earthen jar, now put in 
tartaric acid Joz., and the rind of 1 lemon, let 
it stand until 70 degrees of fahrenheit, or until 
you can bear your hand in it with comfort, then 
add two tablespoonsful of yeast, stir well, bottle 
for use, and tie the corks ; make a few days 
before it is wanted for use. 

58. YEAST. 

Take a good single handful of hops, and boil 
for 20 minutes in 3 pints of water, then strain, 



42 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

and stir in a teacupful of flour, a tablespoonful of 
sugar, and a teaspoonful of salt ; when a little 
<?ool put in 1 gill of brewer's yeast, and after four 
or five hours cover up, and stand in a cool place 
for use ; make again from this unless you let it 
get sour. 

59. SODA SYRUPS. 

Take of loaf or crushed sugar 81bs., pure water 
1 gall., gum-arabic loz., mix in a brass or copper 
kettle, boil until the gum is dissolved, then skim 
and strain through white flannel, after which add 
tartaric acid 5foz. dissolved in hot water. To 
flavour use of extract of lemon, orange, rose, sarsa- 
parilla, strawberry, &c, Joz., or to your taste. If 
you use the juice of lemon, add ljlbs. of sugar to 
a pint ; you do not need any tartaric acid with 
it ; now use 2 or 3 tablespoonsful of syrup to j- of 
a tumbler of water, and J teaspoonful of super- 
carbonate of soda made fine, stir well and be 
ready to drink ; the gum-arabic, however, holds 
the carbonic acid so it will not fly off so readily 
as common soda. For soda fountains, loz. of 
supercarbonate of soda is used to 1 gallon of 
water. For charged fountains no acids are 
needed in the syrups. 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 43 

60. MINERAL WATER. 

Epsom salts 1 oz., cream tartar J oz,, tartaric 
acid Joz., loaf sugar lib., oil of birch 20 drops ; 
put 1 quart boiling water on all these articles, and 
add 3 quarts of cold water to 2 tablespoonsful of 
yeast ; let it work 2 hours and then bottle. 

61. IMPROVED ENGLISH STRONG BEER. 

If you have malt use it, if not, take 1 peck of 
barley, and put it into a stove oven, and steam 
the moisture from them, grind coarsely, and pour 
into them 3f gallons of water, at 170 or 172 
degrees. (If you use malt it does not need quite 
so much water, as it does not absorb so much as 
the other. The tub should have a false bottom 
with many gimblet holes to keep back the grain.) 
Stir them well and let stand 3 hours and draw 
off, put on 7 gallons more water at 180 or 182 
degrees, stir well, let stand 2 hours and draw off, 
then put 1 gallon or 2 of cold water, stir well and 
draw off ; you should have about 5 or 6 gallons ; 
mix 61bs. coarse brown sugar in equal amount of 
water, add 4oz. of good hops, boil for 1J hour ; 
you should have from 8 to 10 gallons when boiled ; 



44 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

when cooled to 80 degrees, put in a teacupful of 
good yeast, and let it work 18 hours covered 
with a sack. Use sound iron-hooped kegs, or 
porter bottles, bung or cork tight, and in two 
weeks it will be good sound beer, nearly equal in 
strength to London porter, or good ale, and will 
keep a long time. 

62. SANGAREE. 

Take wine, ale, or porter, J, and § water, hot, 
or cold, according to the season of the year, loaf 
sugar to the taste with nutmeg. 

63. GINGER WINE. 

Put loz. good ginger root bruised in 1 quart of 
95 per cent, alcohol, let it stand 9 days, and 
strain, add 4 quarts of water, and lib. of white 
sugar, dissolved in hot water, 1 pint port wine to 
this quantity, for what you retail at your own bar 
makes it far better ; colour with tincture of saun- 
ders to suit ; drink freely of this hot on going to 
bed, when you have a bad cold, and in the morn- 
ing you will bless ginger wine. 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 45 

64. HOP BEER. 

Take of hops 6oz., molasses 5 quarts, boil the 
hops in water till the strength is out, strain them 
into a 30 gallon barrel, add the molasses and a 
teacupful of yeast, and fill up with water, shake 
it well and leave the bung out until fermented, 
which will be in about 24 hours ; bung up, and 
it will be fit for use in about 3 days. A most 
excellent summer drink, smaller quaintities in 
proportion. 

65. USQUEBAUGH, OR IRISH WHISKEY. 

Best brandy 1 gallon, stoned raisins lib., cin- 
namon, cloves, nutmeg, and cardamom, each loz., 
crushed in a mortar, saffron Joz., or the rind of 1 
Seville orange, and a little sugar candy ; shake 
these well, and it is ready for use in 14 days. 

66. ICE CREAM. 

Add a little rich sweet cream, and Jib. of loaf 
sugar to each quart of cream or milk ; if you can- 
not get cream the best imitation is to boil a soft 
custard ; 6 eggs to each quart of milk, (eggs well 



46 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

beaten) ; or another way, boil a quart of milk, and 
stir into it, while boiling, a tablespoonful of arrow- 
root, wet with cold milk, when cool stir in the 
yolk of one egg, to give a rich colour ; five minutes 
boiling is enough for either plan ; put the sugar in 
after they cool, keep the same proportions for any 
amount desired. The juice of strawberries, or 
raspberries, give a beautiful colour and flavour to 
ice creams ; or about Joz. of the essence or ex- 
tracts to a gallon, or to suit the taste. Have your 
ice well broken, add 1 quart of salt to a bucket of 
ice, then place in this the vessel containing your 
cream, and about one half hour's constant stirring 
and occasional scraping down and beating together 
will freeze it. 

67. CHICAGO ICE CREAM. 

Irish moss soaked in warm water about an 
hour, and rinsed well to clear it of sand and a 
certain foreign taste, then steep it in milk, keep- 
ing it just at the point of boiling or simmering for 
an hour, or until a rich yellow colour is given to 
the milk, without cream or eggs ; 1 or 1 Joz. of 
moss is enough for a gallon of cream, and this 
will do to steep twice. Sweeten and flavour as 
other cream. 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 47 

68. CREAM SODA. 

Loaf sugar 101b., water 3 gills, mix, and warm 
gradually, so as not to burn, good rich cream 2 
quarts, extract vanilla ljoz., extract nutmeg Joz., 
and tartaric acid 4oz. ; just bring to a boiling 
beat ; for if you cook it any length of time it 
will crystallize. Use 4 or 5 spoonsful of this 
syrup instead of 3, as in other syrups ; put J tea- 
spoonful of soda to a glass, if used without foun- 
tain. For charged fountains no acid is used. 

69. LEMON SYRUP. 

Take of the juice of lemons one pint, white 
sugar one and a half pound, and a little of the 
peel. Mix and boil a few minutes, strain,, and 
when a little cool, bottle, and cork, for use. 

70. ORANGE AND RASPBERRY SYRUPS. 

Take of the juice of either, as the case may be, 
one pint ; white sugar one and a half pound. If 
it be orange a little of the peel ; tartaric acid 4oz. 
Mix and boil a few minutes ; strain, and when a 
little cool, bottle and cork for use. When to be 



48 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

drank, mix three or four tablespoonsful of syrup 
with three quarters of a glass of water, and add a 
teaspoonful of soda. If water be added to the 
syrup it will not keep well. 

71. PURE WINE. 

Take three pounds of nice raisins free of stems, 
cut each one into two or three pieces, put them 
into a stone jug with one gallon pure soft water, 
let* them stand two weeks uncovered, shaking 
occasionally, (put in a warm place in winter,) 
strain through three or four thicknesses of woollen, 
or filter; colour with burned sugar; bottle and 
cork well for use. For saloon purposes, add one 
pint of good brandy. The more raisins the better 
the wine, not exceeding 5 lbs. 

72. PURE WINE VINEGAR. 

This is made by putting the same quantity of 
water on the above raisins, after the wine is poured 
off, as at first for making wine, and standing the 
same length of time, in the same way. 

73. PORT WINE. 
Take 42 gallons of worked cider, 12 gallons 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 49 

good port wine, 3 gallons good brandy, 6 gallons 
pure spirits. Mix together. Elder-berries and 
sloes, or the fruit of the black hawes, make a fine 
purple colour for wines. 

74. CHAMPAGNE WINE. 

Take of good cider (crab-apple cider is best) 
seven gallons, best fourth proof brandy one quart, 
genuine champagne wine, five quarts, milk one gill, 
bitartrate of potash 2oz. Mix and let it stand a 
short time ; bottle while fermenting. This makes 
an excellent imitation of champagne with age. 

75. CURRANT AND OTHER FRUIT WINES. 

For currant, cherry, raspberry, elderberry, 
strawberry, whortleberry, blackberry, and wild 
grape wines, any one can be used alone, or a com- 
bination of several of the different kinds ; to make 
a variety of flavours, or suit persons who have some 
and not the other kinds of fruits, to every gallon 
of expressed juice, add 2 galls, of soft water, put 
in 6 to 8 lbs. of brown sugar, and ljoz. of cream 
of tartar, have them dissolved ; put 1 quart of 
brandy to every 6 galls. Some prefer it without 



50 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

brandy. After fermentation, take 4oz. isinglass, 
dissolved in a pint of the wine, put to each barrel, 
and it will refine and clear it ; then it must be 
drawn off into clear casks, or bottled, which is far 
the best. Give these wines age and they are most 
delicious. 

76. DINNER WINE OR ENGLISH PATENT 
WINE. 

From garden rhubarb, which will not lead to 
intemperance. An agreeable and healthy wine is 
very frequently made from the expressed juice of 
the garden rhubarb. To each gallon of juice add 
1 gallon of soft water, in which 71bs. of brown 
sugar have been dissolved ; fill a keg or barrel with 
this proportion, leaving the bung out, and keep it 
filled with sweetened water as it works off until 
clear. Any other vegetable extract may be added, 
if this flavour is not liked. Then bung down, or 
bottle, as you desire. These stalks will furnish 
about } their weight in juice ; fine and settle with 
isinglass, as in the fruit wines. This has been 
patented in England. 

77. VARIOUS WINES. 

Take 28 gallons of clarified cider ; 1 gallon 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECKETS. 51 

good brandy, lib. crude tartar, (this is what is 
deposited by grape wines) 5 gallons of any wine 
you wish to represent, 1 pint of sweet milk to 
settle it; draw off in 24 or 36 hours after 
thoroughly mixing. 

78. BLACKBERRY AND STRAWBERRY 
WINES. 

These are made by taking the above wine when 
made with port wine ; and for every 10 gallons,, 
from 4 to 6 quarts of the fresh fruit, bruised and 
strained, are added, and let it stand till the flavour 
is extracted; more or less may be used to suit the 
tastes of different persons. In bottling any of 
those wines 3 or four broken raisins put into each 
bottle will add to their richness and flavor. 

79. FRENCH BRANDY. 

Take of pure spirit 1 gallon, best French brandy, 
or any kind you wish to imitate, even Otard, 1 
quart ; loaf sugar 2oz., sweet spirits of nitre Joz., 
a few drops of tincture of catechu, or oak bark, 
to roughen the taste if desired ; colour to suit your 
taste, and bottle. 



52 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

80 BRANDY FROM OIL COGNAC. 

Take of pure spirits 10 gallons, New England 
rum 2 quarts, or Jamaca rum 1 quart, and oil cog- 
nac from 30 to 40 drops, put in half a pint of alco- 
hol, colour with tincture of kino, or burned sugar, 
which is generally preferred. Mix well and bottle. 

81. PALE BRANDY. 

This is made as the French brandy, using pale 
instead of the French, and using loz. of tincture 
of kino for colour, only for 5 gallons. 

82. CHERRY BRANDY. 

To every 10 gallons of brandy add 3 quarts of 
wild black cherries, stones and all bruised, and 
crushed sugar 21bs. Let it stand until the strength 
and flavour is obtained, and draw from it as wanted 
for use. Never attempt to use oil of bitter 
almonds for this purpose, instead of the cherries, 
for it is a most deadly poison. 

83. BLACKBERRY BRANDY. 
Take of brandy 10 gallons, nice rich blackberries 






Or SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 53 

mashed from 4 to 6 quarts, according to the degree 
of flavour you wish. Mix, and add a little sugar 
to overcome the acidity of the berries, according to 
their ripeness will the amount vary from one to 
4oz. to each gallon. • 

84. STRAWBERRY BRANDY. 

This is made as the above, using very nice ripe 
strawberries, and only about half the quantity of 
sugar. 

88. HOLLAND GIN. 

Take of pure spirits 1 gallon, best Holland gin, 
schnapps, or any kind desired, 1 quart, oil of juni- 
per 2 scruples, oil of anise i of an oz. ; mix all well 
together. 

, 89. COLOURING. 

Take of white sugar lib., put it into an earthen 
kettle, moisten a little, let boil, and burn red, black 
and thick, remove from the fire and put in a little 
hot water to keep it from hardening as it cools. 
Use this to colour any liquors, needing colour, to 
your taste, or as near the colour of the liquor 



54 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

you imitate as you can. Tincture of kino is a good 
colour, and is made by dissolving loz. of kino in 
a pint of alcohol. For a cherry red use tincture 
of saffron ; for light amber to deep brown use sugar 
colouring ; for brandy colour, sugar ; for red use 
beet root or saunders ; for port wine colour use 
extract of rhatany. 

90. TO KEEP CIDER SWEET AND 
SWEETEN SOUR CIDER. 

To keep cider sweet take a keg, put several 
holes in the bottom of it, and a piece of woollen 
cloth at the bottom, then fill with pure sand closely 
packed, then pass your cider through this, and 
put up in clean barrels that have had a piece of 
cotton or linen cloth 2 by 6 inches, dipped in sul- 
phur, and burned in them, then keep in a cool place 
and add Jib. of white mustard seed to each barrel. 
If cider is souring, about 1 quart of hickory ashes, 
(or a little more of other hard wood ashes), stirred 
into each barrel, will sweeten and clarify it, nearly 
equal to rectifying ; but if it is not rectified it must 
be racked off to get clear of pomace, for while this 
is in it it will remain sour. Oil or whiskey barrels 
are best to put up cider in, or J pint sweet oil, or 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 55 

a gallon of whiskey, or both, may be added to a 
barrel with decidedly good effects. Isinglass 4ozs. 
to each barrel helps to clarify and settle cider that 
is not going to be rectified. 

91. SCHRUB. 

Take of lemon juice 1 pint, white sugar 2 pints, 
rum 3 pints, water 4 pints ; mix and colour ready 
for use. 

92. STOUGHTON BITTERS. 

Take of gentian 4oz., orange peel 4oz., columbo 
4oz., chamomile flowers 4oz., quassia 4oz., burned 
sugar lib., whiskey 2J galls., water 2J- galls. ; mix 
and let stand one week, then bottle the clear liquor. 

93. TO IMPROVE THE FLAVOUR OF NEW 

WHISKEY. 

Take of whiskey 1 gall., add tea 4oz., allspice 
4oz., carawayseed 4oz., cinnamon 2oz., shake occa- 
sionally for a week and use one pint to a barrel. 
Keep this mixture in a jug. 

94. CHERRY BOUNCE OR BRANDY. 

Take 10 galls, of good whiskey, put into it from 
d2 



56 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

4 to 6 quarts of wild black cherries with the stones 
broken, common almonds shelled lib., white sugar 
ljlb., cinnamon Joz., nutmeg Joz., all bruised. 
Let stand 12 or 13 days and draw off; this, with 
the addition of 2 galls, of brandy, makes very nice 
cherry brandy. 

95. MONONGAHALE. 

Take of good common whiskey 86 galls., dried 
peaches 2 quarts, rye, burned and ground as coffee, 
1 quart, cinnamon, cloves, and allspice, bruised, of 
each loz., loaf sugar 51bs., sweet spirits of nitre 
2oz., put all these articles into 4 galls, of pure 
spirits, and shake every day for a week, then draw 
off through a woollen cloth, and add the whole to 
the 36 galls, of whiskey. 

96. RYE WHISKEY. 

Take of dried peaches J a peck, put them into a 
pan in a stove, scorch a little, not to burn however, 
then bruise, and place in a woollen (pointed) bag, 
and leach good common whiskey over them twice, 
having the barrel up so as to hang the bag under 
the faucet and draw slowly over them ; this is for a 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS, 57 

barrel. Add 10 to 12 drops of aqua ammonia to 
each barrel, after leaching through the peaches ; 
with age this is nearly, if not quite, equal to whis- 
key made from rye. 

9T. STOMACH BITTERS. 

Take of gentian root 6 oz., orange peel 10oz. ? 
cinnamon loz., anise seed 2oz., coriander seed 2oz. ? 
cardamom seed Joz., Peruvian bark, unground, 2oz. ? 
bruise all the articles and add of gum kino loz., 
and put them into 2 quarts of alcohol, and 2 quarts 
of pure spirits or good whiskey ; shake occasionally 
for 10 or 12 days, and strain or filter through 
several thicknesses of woollen, flalf a pint of this 
may be added to a gallon of whiskey, more or less, 
as desired, and you have an article as good, or 
better, and more healthy than that for which you 
will pay three times as much ; or you may use it 
the same as stoughton, to which it is preferred. 

98. PEPPERMINT CORDIAL. 

Take of good whiskey 10 galls., water 10 galls., 
white sugar lOlbs., oil of peppermint loz., flour 1 
oz., burned sugar Jib. to colour, alcohol 1 pint; put 



58 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

the oil of peppermint in the alcohol, then with this 
work the flour well, add the burned sugar, work 
again, and mix all the ingredients together ; let 
them stand a week and they are ready for use. If 
you wish a different flavour from that of oil of pep- 
permint use any other oil of which you desire the 
flavour. 

99. ST. CROIX RUM. 

Take of pure spirits 28 galls., of pure St. Croix 
rum 3 galls., sal ammonia (cut in alcohol) loz., 
sweet spirits of nitre 6ozs., mix all together and let 
stand for 24 hours, occasionally shaking, and it is 
ready for use. 

100. LEMONADE. 



Take of fresh lemon juice 4oz., fresh lemon peel 
Joz., white sugar 4oz., boiling water 3 pints ; mix 
all together; let them stand till cool, and then 
strain off for use ; if you wish you can cool at once 
with ice. Where this is used as a cooling drink 
in fevers a little sweet spirits of nitre may be 
added. 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 59 

101. A BRILLIANT WHITEWASH. 

This bears a gloss like ivory, and will not rub 
off. Take of clean unslacked lime 5 or 6 quarts, 
slack with hot water in a tub, cover to keep in the 
steam ; when ready, pass it through a fine sieve, 
and add Jib. of whiting, lib. of good sugar pul- 
verized, and 3 pints of rice flour, first made into a 
thin paste ; boil this mixture well, then dissolve 1 
lb. of clean glue in water, and add it to the mix- 
ture, finally add 5 galls, of hot water to the whole 
mixture, and apply while warm with a whitewash 
brush, except when particular neatness is required 
you may then use a paint brush ; in both cases put 
it on warm. You may add colouring matter to 
give it any shade you please. 

102. CHANGING VARNISHES.— Or Var- 
nishes to imitate Gold, Silver, Copper, 
Brass, &c. 

Varnishes of this description are called changing, 
because, when applied to metals such as copper, brass, 
or tin or silver foil, they give them a more agreeable 
colour ; indeed, the common metals, when coated 
with them acquire a lustre approaching to that of 



60 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

the precious metals, and hence these varnishes are 
much employed in manufacturing imitations of gold 
and silver. Put four ounces of the best gum gam- 
boge into 32ozs. of spirits of turpentine, 4ozs. of 
dragon's blood into the same quantity of spirits of 
turpentine as the gamboge, and loz. of anatto into 
8ozs. of the same spirits. The three mixtures being 
made in different vessels, they should then be kept 
for about a fortnight in a warm place, and as much 
exposed to the sun as possible ; at the end of that 
time they will be fit for use ; and you can procure 
any tints you wish by making a composition from 
them, with such proportions of each liquor as prac- 
tice and the nature of the colour you are desirous 
of obtaining will point out. Changing varnishes 
may likewise be employed, with very good effect, 
for furniture, such as picture frames, &c. — See 
Lackers. 

103. GOLD LACKER OR VARNISH. 

In using the changing varnish or any of these 
lackers, for picture frames for instance, lay them 
over with tin or silver foil, by means of plaster of 
Paris glue, or cement of some kind, that the foil 
may be perfectly adherent to the wood, then apply 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 61 

your varnish ; apply as many coats as may suit 
your taste, and if it be the gold lacker you use, it 
has the appearance of being laid with gold leaf, 
and if the pale brass lacker, of being laid with 
brass, &c, and if you use the changing Tarnish you 
may make it just what colour you wish, by mixing 
the three materials in different proportions. For 
making gold lacker, put into a clean 4 gallon tin 
lib. ground turmeric, ljoz. powdered gamboge, 
3|lbs. powdered gum sandrack, fib. shellac, and 
2 galls, spirits of wine ; after being dissolved and 
strained add 1 pint of turpentine varnish, receipt 
No. 112, well mixed, and it is ready for use. 

104. RED SPIRIT LACKER, 

Take 2 galls, spirits of wine, lib. dragon's blood, 
31bs. Spanish annatto, 3flbs. gum sandrack, 2 pints 
turpentine. Made exactly as the gold lacker. 

105. PALE BRASS LACKER. 

Take 2 galls, spirits of wine, 3ozs. cape aloes, 

cut small, lib. fine pale shellac, loz. gamboge, cut 

small, no turpentine. Yarnish made exactly as 

before, but observe, that those who make lackers 

3d 



62 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

frequently want some paler and some darker, and 
sometimes inclining more to the particular tint of 
certain of the component ingredients ; therefore if 
a 4oz. vial of a strong solution of each ingredient 
be prepared, a lacker of any tint can be prepared 
at any time as by changing varnish. 

106. DEMAR VARNISH. 

This is a fine clear varnish, being harder and less 
coloured than mastic, while it is as soluble, and may 
be had at one-tenth the price. Put 6oz. of gum de- 
mar in a bottle with lOozs. of spirits of turpentine, 
and put into another bottle 6ozs. of gum demar, 
with 16ozs. alcohol, when they are dissolved put 
them together, and you have an excellent cheap 
varnish which dries quickly and is very clear. 

107. COPAL VARNISH. 

Take loz. of copal, and |oz. of shellac, powder 
them well and put them into a bottle or jar con- 
taining 1 quart of spirits of wine ; place the mix- 
ture in a warm place and shaka it occasionally, till 
you see that the gums are completely dissolved, 
and when strained the varnish is fit for use. 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 63 

108. CRYSTAL VARNISH. 

Procure a bottle of Canada balsam, which can 
be had at any druggist's ; draw out the cork and 
set the bottle of balsam at a little distance from 
the fire, turning it round several times, until the 
heat has thinned it ; then have something that will 
hold as much as double the quantity of balsam ; 
carry the balsam from the fire, and, while fluid 
mix it with the same quantity of good turpentine, 
and shake them together until they are well incor- 
porated. In a few days the varnish is fit for use, 
particularly if it is poured into a half gallon glass 
or stone bottle, and kept in a gentle warmth. 
This varnish is used for maps, prints, charts, draw- 
ings, paper ornaments, &c. 

109. WHITE HARD VARNISH. 

Take lib. of mastic, 4oz. of gum anima; and 
51bs. of gum sandrac, put them all together, to dis- 
solve, into a vessel containing 2oz. of rectified 
spirits of wine, which should be kept in a warm 
place and frequently shaken till all the gums are 
quite dissolved ; then strain the mixture through a 
lawn sieve, and it will be fit for use. 



64 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

110. BLACK VARNISH FOR OLD STRAW 
OR CHIP HATS. 

Take a Joz. of the best black sealing wax, 
pound it well, and put it into a 4oz. vial, con- 
taining 2ozs. of rectified spirits of wine ; place it 
in a sand-bath or near a moderate fire till the wax 
is dissolved, then lay it on warm, with a fine soft 
hairbrush, before a fire or in the sun. It gives a 
good stiffness to old straw hats, and a beautiful 
gloss equal to new. It likewise resists wet. 

111. VARNISH FOR VIOLINS, &c. 

Take 1 gallon of rectified spirits of wine, 12 ozs. 
of mastic, and 1 pint of turpentine varnish ; put 
them altogether in a tin can, and keep it in a very 
warm place, shaking it occasionally till it is per- 
fectly dissolved ; then strain it, and it is fit for 
use. If you find it necessary, you may dilute it 
with turpentine varnish. This varnish is also very 
useful for furniture of plumtree, mahogany, or 
rosewood. 

112. TURPENTINE VARNISH. 

Take 51bs. of clear good resin, pound it well, 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 65 

and put it into 1 gallon of oil of turpentine ; boil 
the mixture over a stove till the resin is perfectly 
dissolved, and when cool, it will be fit for use. 

113. IRON WORK BLACK, OR BLACK 
VARNISH FOR IRON. 

Put 481bs. asphaltum into an iroa pot, and boil 
for four hours ; during the first two hour's, intro- 
duce T lbs. litharge, 3 lbs. dried copperas, and 10 
gallons boiled oil : add Jib. run of dark gum, with 
2 gallons hot oil ; after pouring the oil and gum, 
continue the boiling two hours, or until it will roll 
into hard pills like japan ; when cool, thin it off 
with 3 gallons of turpentine, or until it is of proper 
consistence. This varnish is intended principally 
for the iron-work of coaches and other carriages. 

114. VARNISH FOR HARNESS. 

Take Jib. of india rubber, 1 gallon of spirits of 
turpentine ; dissolve enough to make it into a jelly 
by keeping it almost new milk warm ; then take 
equal quantities of good linseed oil, (in a hot 
state,) and the above mixture, incorporate them 
well on a slow fire, and it is fit for use. 



66 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

115. QUICK DRYING HARNESS-BLACK- 
ING VARNISH. 

Break J a cake (which is about 1 ounce) of 
white wax into an earthen pan, and just cover it 
with oil of turpentine ; place a board over the pan 
to keep out the air ; let it stand for 2-1 hours or 
until formed into a paste ; then in another pan, 
mix lib. of best ivory black with neatsfoot oil, 
until it assumes a thick consistency ; then mix the 
contents of both pans together. It may be reduced 
with spirits of turpentine. Bottle, and it is fit 
for use. 

116. OIL PASTE BLACKING. 

Take oil vitriol, 2ozs., tanner's oil, 5ozs., ivory 
black, 21bs., molasses, 5ozs ; mix the oil and 
vitriol together, let it stand a day, then add the 
ivory black, the molasses, and the white of an egg ; 
mix well, and it is ready for use. 

117. WATER-PROOF OIL, OR PASTE 
BLACKING. 

Take 1 pint of camphene, and put into it all the 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 67 

india rubber it will dissolve, 1 pint currier's oil, 
71bs. tallow, and 2 ozs. of lampblack ; mix thor- 
oughly by heat. This is a nice thing for old 
harness and carriage-tops, as well as for boots 
and shoes. 

118. BEST VARNISH BLACKING EXTANT. 

Take of alcohel, 1 gallon : white turpentine, 
ljlbs. ; gum shellac, 1 Jibs. ; Venice turpentine, 1 
gill ; let these stand in a jug in the sun, or by a 
stove, until the gums are dissolved ; then add 
sweet oil, 1 gill ; lampblack, 2oz., and you have a 
varnish that will not crack when the harness is 
twisted like the old shellac varnish. It is good 
also for boots and shoes, looking well, and turns 
water. 

119. ASPHALTUM OR WALNUT STAIN. 

Take of asphaltum, 21bs. ; boiled linseed oil, J 
pint; spirits of turpentine, 1 gallon; mix the two 
first in an iron pot, boil slowly until the asphaltum 
is melted, then take it some distance from the fire, 
cool a little, and add the turpentine (avoiding igni- 
tion) before it cools too much, and it is finished. 



68 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

120. POLISH FOR OLD FURNITURE. 

Take 1 pint best spirits of wine, 1 pint raw lin- 
seed oil, 1 pint spirits of turpentine ; mix all three 
together, and shake well before use. Apply with 
a rubber of cotton wool covered with a piece of 
clean old white cotton cloth. Apply slightly and 
you will be astonished at the effect. Old furniture 
that is scratched, soiled, or stained, if the wood is 
not torn up, being polished with this, has the 
appearance of new. 

121. OIL TO MAKE THE HAIR GROW 
AND CURL. 

Take of olive oil f a pint, oils of rosemary and 
origanum, of each J of an oz. Mix well and apply 
rather freely. 

122. BEST SHAVING SOAP. 

Take 4Jlbs. white bar soap, 1 quart rain water, 
1 gill of beef's gall, and 1 gill spirits of turpen- 
tine ; cut the soap thin, and boil five minutes, stir 
while boiling, and colour with Joz. of Vermillion ; 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 69 

scent with oil of rose or almonds. 10 cents 
worth will positively make 86 worth of soap. 

123. NEW YORK BARBERS' STAR 
HAIR OIL. 

Take of castor oil, 6 J pints ; alcohol, 1J pint ; 
citronella and lavender oils, of each 2ozs. ; mix, 
and shake well, and it is ready for use. 

124. ROWLAND'S MACASSAR HAIR OIL. 

Take of sweet oil, 8 ozs. : cantharides and oil of 
lemon, of each, 60 drops ; alkanet sufficient to 
color it. 

125. ROSE HAIR OIL. 

Take 1 quart olive oil, 2J-ozs. alcohol, 1J ozs. 
rose oil ; after this tie loz. of chipped alkanet root 
in 3 or 4- little muslin bags, and let them lie in 
the oil until a pretty reel is manifested, then 
change them to other oil. Do not press them. 

126. BEAR'S OIL. 

Take of good sweet lard oil, 1 quart ; bergamot, 
1 ounce ; mix well together. 



70 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

127. OX MARROW FOR THE HAIR. 

Take of ox marrow, 4oz3. ; white wax, loz. ; 
nice fresh lard, 6ozs ; mix and melt ; when cool, 
add 1 Jozs. oil of bergamot, and mix well. 

128. COLOGNE. 

Take oils of rosemary and lemon, of each, Joz. ; 
oils of bergamot and lavender, of each, Joz. ; oil 
of cinnamon, 8 drops ; oils of cloves and rose, of 
each, 15 drops ; best alcohol, 2 quarts ; mix, and 
shake 2 or 3 times a day for a week. This will be 
better if deoderized, or cologne alcohol is used. 

129. HARD SOAP. 

Take of soft soap, 121bs. ; (that made of olive 
oil is best,) common salt, 9 lbs. ; mix and boil for 
2 hours, run it into bars, or as you want it, and 
you will have 7}lbs. of soap. Add a little resin 
when you melt it over. Scent with fragrant oil if 
you wish to do so. 

130. BAR SOAP. 

Take of lime water 1 teacupful, spirits of tur- 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 71 

pentine 2 teaspoonsful, resin Jib., sal. soda ljlbs., 
of bar shop soap 41bs. ; melt and boil all together 
to a proper consistency, then pour into moulds. 

131. CARVER'S POLISH. 

In a pint of spirits of wine dissolve 2oz. of seed 
lac, and 2oz. of resin. The principal use of this 
polish is for the carved parts of cabinet work, such 
as standards, pillars, claws, &c. It should be laid 
on warm, and if the work can also be warmed 
at the time, it will be still better ; but all mois- 
ture and dampness should be carefully avoided. 

132. FRENCH POLISH. 

Take loz. of shellac, Joz. of gum-arabic, and 
Joz. of gum copal ; bruise them well, and sift 
them through a piece of muslin, then put them 
along with a pint of spirits of wine into a closely 
corked vessel, place it in a very warm situation, 
and shake it frequently every day till the gums 
are dissolved, then strain through a piece of mus- 
lin, and keep it corked for use. 

133. WATER-PROOF POLISH. 

Put 2ozs. of gum benjamin, Joz. of gum san- 



72 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

drac, and Joz. of gum anima, into a pint of spirits 
of wine, in a closely stopped bottle, place the 
bottle either in a sand bath, or in hot water, till 
the gums are dissolved, then strain off the mix- 
ture, shake it up with a J of a gill of the best 
clear poppy oil, and put by for use. 

134. FINISHING- POLISH. 

Put 2 drachms of shellac, and 2 drachms of 
gum benjamin, into J a pint of the very best rec- 
tified spirits of wine, in a bottle closely corked : 
keep the bottle in a warm place, and shake it 
frequently till the gums are dissolved, when cold 
shake up with it 2 tea3poonsful of the best clear 
poppy oil, and it will be fit for use. This polish 
may be applied with great advantage after any of 
those mentioned in the foregoing receipts have 
been used. It removes the defects existing in 
them, increasing their lustre and durability, and 
gives the surface a most brilliant appearance. 

135. COMPOSITION USED IN WELDING 
CAST STEEL. 

Take of borax, 10 parts ; sal-ammoniac, 1 part ; 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 73 

grind or pound them roughly together, then fuse 
them in a metal pot over a close fire, taking care to 
continue the heat until all spume has disappeared 
from the surface, when the liquid appears clear, the 
composition is ready to he poured out to cool and 
concrete ; afterward heing ground to a fine powder. 
To use this composition, the steel to he welded is 
raised to a heat, which may be expressed by 
bright yellow, it is then dipped among the weld- 
ing powder, and again placed in the fire until it 
attains the same degree of heat as before, it is 
then ready to be placed under the hammer. 

136. COMPOSITION USED IN WELDING 

CAST IRON. 

Take of good clear white coarse sand, 3 parts ; 
refined solton, 1 part; fosterine, 1 part; rock 
salt, 1 part ; borax, 1 part ; mix all together. 
Take 2 pieces of cast iron, heat them in a moder- 
ate charcoal fire, occasionally taking them out 
while heating, and dipping them into the compo- 
sition, until they are of a proper heat to weld, 
then at once lay them on the anvil, and gently 
hammer them together, and if done carefully by 
one who understands welding iron, you will have 



74 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

them nicely welded together. One man prefers 
heating the metal, then cooling it in the water of 
common beans, and heating it again for welding. 

137. CAST IRON CEMENT. 

Take of clean borings or turning of cast iron, 
16 parts ; of sal-ammoniac, 2 parts ; and flour of 
sulphur, 1 part ; mix them well together in a 
mortar, and keep them dry. When required for 
use, take 1 part of the mixture, and 20 parts of 
clean borings, mix thoroughly, and add a suffi- 
cient quantity of water. Note. — A little grind- 
stone added improves the cement. 

138. CASE HARDENING. 

This is the conversion of the surface of wrought 
iron into steel, for the purpose of adapting it to 
receive a polish, or to bear friction, &c. The best 
method in the world of effecting this is by heating 
the iron to cherry red in a close vessel, in contact 
with carbonacious material, and then plunging it 
into cold water. Bones, leather, hoofs, and horns 
of animals, are the best for this purpose, after 
having been burnt or roasted, so that they can be 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 75 

pulverised. Soot is very frequently used ; it 
answers, but not so well. 

139. TO SOFTEN IRON OR STEEL. 

Either of the following simple] methods will 
make iron or steel as soft as lead : — 1. Anoint 
it all over with tallow, temper it'in a gentle char- 
coal fire, and let it cool of |itself. 2. Take a 
little clay, cover your iron with it, temper in a 
charcoal fire. 3. When the iron or steel is red 
hot, strew hellebore on it. 4. Quench the iron or 
steel in the juice, or water, ^of common beans. 

140. SOLDER FOR LEAD. 

Melt 1 part of block tin, and*when|.in a state of 
fusion, add 2 parts of lead; if a small quantity of 
this, when melted, is poured upon the'table, there 
will, if it be good, arise little bright stars uponnt. 
Resin should be used with this solder. 

141. SOLDER FOR TIlV 

Take 4 parts of pewter, l^of tin, and 1 of bis- 
muth, melt them together, and run them into 



76 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

thin slips. Resin is also employed in using this 
solder. 

142. SOLDER FOR IRON. . 

The best solder for iron is good tough brass, 
with a little borax. 

143. SOLDER FOR COPPER, 

Take of brass, 6 parts ; zinc, 1 part ; tin, 1 
part ; melt all together, mix well, and pour out to 
cool. 

144. SOLDER FOR STEEL JOINTS. 

Silver, 19 parts ; copper, 1 part ; brass, 2 
parts ; melt all together. 

145. HARD SOLDER. 

Fuse together 2 parts of copper, and 1 of zinc. 
146. SOLDER FOR SILVER. 

Fuse together 5 parts of silver, and 1 part of 
brass. 






OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 77 

147. GOLD SOLDER No. 1. 

Take of gold, 4 parts ; silver, 3 parts ; copper, 
1 part ; and zinc, 1 part. 

148. GOLD SOLDER No. 2. 

Take of gold, 3 parts ; silver, 3 parts ; copper, 
1 part ; zinc, \ part. 

149. GOLD SOLDER No. 3. 

Take of gold, 2 parts ; "silver, 3 parts ; copper, 
1 part ; and zinc \ a part. The gold, silver, and 
copper must be fused in a crucible before the zinc 
is added, or else you cannot keep them in the 
vessel while heating. When all are completely 
fused, they must be well stirred, and run into bars. 
Solder No. 1 is for gold 16 carrats and upwards ; 
No. 2 is for that 14 carats fine ; and No. 3 for 
lower qualities. If more zinc is added, it will fuse 
at a lower heat, but the colour is not so good. 

150. MOCK GOLD. 

Euse together 16 parts of copper, 7 of platinum, 

E 



78 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

and 1 of zinc. When steel is alloyed with s^th 
part of platinum, or with ^th part of silver, it is 
rendered much harder, more malleable, and better 
adapted for all kinds of cutting instruments. 
Note. — In making alloys, care must be taken to 
have the more infusible metals melted first, and 
afterwards add the others. 

151. BRITANNIA METAL. 

Take 4 parts of brass, and 4 parts of tin ; when 
fused add 4 parts of metallic bismuth, and 4 parts 
of metallic antimony. This composition is added 
at discretion to metallic tin, according to the 
quality yon wish to make. 

152. BLANCHED COPPER. 

Melt together 8 parts of copper and a half part 
of arsenic. 

153. COMMON PEWTER. 

Melt together 4 parts of tin and 1 part of lead. 

154. BEST PEWTER. 

Melt together 100 parts of tin and 17 of anti- 
mony. 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 79 

155. A METAL THAT EXPANDS IN 
COOLING. 

Melt together 9 parts of lead, 2 of antimony 
and one of bismuth. This metal is very useful in 
filling small defects in iron castings, &c 

156. QUEEN'S METAL. 

Melt together 9 parts of tin, 1 of antimony, 1 of 
bismuth, and 1 of lead. 

157. IMITATION PLATINUM. 

This metal, or alloy, very closely resembles pla- 
tinum. Melt together 8 parts of brass and 5 of 
zinc. 

158. CHINESE WHITE COPPER. 

Melt together 40.4 parts of copper, 31.6 parts 
of nickel, 25.4 of zinc, and 2.6 of iron. 

159. MANHEIM GOLD, ' 

Melt together 3 parts copper, 1. of zinc, and a 

little tin. 
e2 



80 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

160. TOMBACK, OR RED BRASS. 

Melt together 8 parts of copper, and 1 part of 
zinc. 

161. IMITATION GOLD. 

Take of platina 8 parts, of silver 4 parts, copper 
12 parts, melt all together. 

162. IMITATION SILVER. 

Take of block tin 100 parts, metalic antimony 8 
parts, bismuth 1 part, and 4 parts of copper ; melt 
all together. 

163. TRUE IMITATION OF GOLD. 

Dr. Harmsteadt's imitation of gold, which is 
stated not only to resemble gold in colour, but also 
in specific gravity and ductility, consists of 16 parts 
of platinum, 7 parts of copper, and 1 of zinc, put 
in a crucible, covered with charcoal powder, and 
melted into a mass. 

164. TRUE IMITATION OF SILVER. 

Imitation of pure silver, so perfect in its resem- 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 81 

blance that no chemist living can tell it from pure 
virgin silver. It was obtained from a German 
chemist now dead ; he used it for unlawful pur- 
poses to the amount of thousands, and yet the 
metal is so perfect that he was never discovered. 
It is all melted together in a crucible, here it is : 
Joz. of copper, 2ozs. of brass, 3ozs. of pure silver, 
loz. of bismuth, 2ozs. of saltpetre, 2ozs. of com- 
mon salt, loz. of arsenic, and loz. of potash. 

165. MOULDS AND DIES. 

Take copper, zinc, and silver, in equal propor- 
tions, and melt them together, and mould into the 
forms you desire, and bring the same to a nearly 
white heat ; now lay on the thing that you would 
take the impression of, and press it with sufficient 
force, and you will find that you have a perfect and 
beautiful impression. All of the above metals 
should be melted under a coat of powdered char- 
coal. 

166. TO SOFTEN HORN. 

To lib. of wood ashes, add 21bs. of quicklime ; 
put them into a quart of water, let the whole boil 



82 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

till reduced to one-third, then dip a feather in, and 
if, on drawing it out, the plume should come off, it 
is a proof that it is boiled enough, if not, let it boil 
a little longer ; when it is settled filter it off, and 
in the liquor thus strained put in shavings of horn ; 
let them soak for three days, and, first anointing 
your hands with oil, work the horn into a mass, 
and print or mould it into any shape you please. 

167. TO MAKE MOULDS OF HORN. 

If you wish to take the impression of any coin, 
medal, &c, previously anoint it with oil, then lay 
the horn shavings over it in its softened state ; 
when dry the impression will be sunk into the horn, 
and this will serve as a mould to reproduce, either 
by plaster of Paris, putty and glue, or isinglass and 
ground egg-shells, the exact resemblance of the 
coin or medal. 

168. TO CAST FIGURES' IN IMITATION 
OF IVORY. 

Make isinglass and strong brandy into a paste, 
with powder of egg-shells, very finely ground ; you 
may give it what colour you please, but cast it 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 83 

warm into your mould, which you previously oil 
over ; leave the figure in the mould till dry, and 
you will find, on taking it out, that it bears a very 
strong resemblance to ivory. 

169. TRUE GOLD POWDER. 

Put some gold leaf, with a little honey or thick 
gum water, (whenever I speak of gum I mean gum 
arabic,) into an earthen mortar, and pound the 
mixture till the gold is reduced to very small par- 
ticles ; then wash out the honey or gum repeatedly 
with warm water, and the gold will be left behind 
in the state of powder, which, when dried, is fit for 
use. 

170. TRUE GOLD POWDER, 

Another, and perhaps better method of preparing 
gold powder is to heat a prepared amalgam of gold 
in a clean open crucible, (an amalgam of any metal 
is formed by a mixture of quicksilver with that 
metal) continuing a very strong heat till all the 
mercury has evaporated, stirring the amalgam all 
the while with a glass rod ; when the mercury has 
entirely left the gold, grind the remainder in a 



84 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

Wedgewood's mortar, with a little water, and when 
dried it will be fit for use. The subliming the mer- 
cury is, however, a process injurious to the health. 

171. COLOUR HEIGHTENING COM- 
POSITIONS. 

For yellow gold, dissolve in water 6ozs. of salt- 
petre, 2ozs. of copperas, loz. of white vitriol, and 
loz. of alum. If wanted redder, add a small 
portion of blue vitriol. 

172. FOR GREEN GOLD. 

Dissolve in water a mixture consisting of ljoz. 
of saltpetre ; vitriol and sal-ammoniac, ljoz. 
of each, and loz. verdigris. 

173. FOR RED GOLD. 

Take ljoz. of red ochre in fine powder, the 
same quantity of calcined verdigris, Joz. of cal- 
cined borax, and 4ozs. of melted yellow wax ; the 
verdigris must be calcined, or else, by the heat ap- 
plied in melting the wax, the vinegar becomes so 
concentrated as to corrode the surface, and make 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 85 

it appear speckled. These last three are colours 
for heightening compositions. 

174. MOSAIC GOLD. 

Mosaic gold, or aurum mosaicum, is used for 
inferior articles. It is prepared in the following 
manner : lib. of tin is melted in a crucible, and 
Jib. of purified quicksilver added to it ; when this 
mixture is cold, it is reduced to powder, and ground 
with J-lb. of sal ammoniac, and 7ozs. of flower of 
sulphur, till the whole is thoroughly mixed : they 
are then calcined in a mattrass, and the sublimation 
of the other ingredients leaves the tin converted 
into the aurum mosaicum, which is found at the 
bottom of the glass, like a mass of bright flakey 
gold powder. Should any black or discolored par- 
ticles appear, they must be removed. The sal 
ammoniac used here must be very white and clear, 
and the mercury quite pure and unadulterated. 
When a shade of deeper red is required, it can 
easily be obtained by grinding a very small quan- 
tity of red lead along with the above materials. 

175. DUTCH OR GERMAN GOLD. 

A gilding powder is sometimes made from Dutch 
e3 



86 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

gold, which is sold in books at a very low price. 
This is treated in the same way as the real gold 
leaf in making the true gold powder. It is neces- 
sary, when this inferior powder is used, to cover 
the gilding with a coat of clear varnish, otherwise 
it soon loses its metallic appearance. The same 
remark applies, though in a less degree, to Mosaic 
gilding. 

176. COPPER POWDER. 

This is prepared by dissolving filings or slips of 
copper with nitrous acid in a receiver. When the 
acid is saturated, the slips are to be removed ; or, 
if filings be employed, the solution is to be poured 
off from what remains undissolved ; small bars are 
then put in, which will precipitate the copper from 
the saturated acid, in a powder of the peculiar 
appearance and colour of copper, and the liquid 
being poured from the powder, this is to be washed 
clean of the crystals by repeated levigations. 

177 COMMON SIZE. 

The size used by painters for most sorts of 
common work is prepared by boiling in water 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 87 

pieces of parchment, and of the skins of animals 
and fins of fish, and evaporating the solution to 
a proper consistency. It only differs, however, 
from a solution of glue in containing fewer foreign 
ingredients, and in not being so strong. 

178. Dr. JOHN'S VARNISH FOR PLASTER 
OF PARIS CASTS. 

Take of white soap and white wax, each half an 
ounce, of water two pints ; boil them together for 
a short time in a clean vessel. This varnish is to 
be applied when cold, by means of a soft brush. 
It does not sink in, it readily dries, and its effect 
may be heightened by lightly using a silk pocket 
handkerchief. 

179. GENERAL DIRECTIONS FOR 
BRONZING. 

This art is nothing but a species of painting, 
but far from being of the most delicate kind. The 
principal ingredients made use of in it are the 
true gold powder, the German gold, the aurum 
mosaicum, and copper powder, (all above de- 
scribed.) The choice of these powders is, of course, 



88 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

to be determined by the degree of brilliancy you 
wish to obtain. The powder is mixed with strong 
gum water or isinglass, and laid on with a brush 
or pencil ; and when not so dry as to have still a 
certain clamminess, a piece of soft leather wrapped 
round the finger, is dipped in the powder and 
rubbed over the work ; when the work has been 
all covered with the bronze, it must be left to dry, 
and any loose powder then cleared away by a hair 
pencil. 

180. BRONZING IN WOOD. 

This may be effected by a process somewhat 
differing from the above, Prussian blue, patent 
yellow, raw amber, lamp-black, and pipe clay are 
ground separately with water on a stone, and as 
much of them as will make a good colour put into 
a small vessel three-fourths full of size. This 
mixture is found to succeed best on using about 
half as much more pipe clay as of any of the other 
ingredients. The wood, being previously cleaned 
and smoothed, and coated with a mixture of clean 
size and lamp-black, receives a new coating with 
the above compound twice successively, having 
allowed the first to dry. Afterwards the bronze- 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. «y 

powder is to be laid on with a pencil, and the 
whole burnished or cleaned anew, observing to 
repair the parts which may be injured by this 
operation ; next, the work must be coated over 
with a thin lather of castile soap, which will take 
off the glare of the burnishing, and afterwards be 
carefully rubbed with a woollen cloth. The super- 
fluous powder may be rubbed off when dry. 

181. IN BRONZING IRON. 

The subject should be heated to a greater degree 
than the hand can bear ; and German gold, mixed 
with a small quantity of spirit-of-wine varnish, 
spread over it with the pencil ; should the iron be 
already polished, you must heat it well and moisten 
it with a linen rag dipped in vinegar. 

182. BRONZING CASTS OF PLASTER OF 
PARIS. 

There is a method of bronzing casts of plaster 
of Paris analogous to that which we have above 
given for bronzing wood, but it is not in much 
repute. Such figures may be beautifully varnished 
by means of Dr. John's varnish, receipt No. 178. 



90 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

Casts of plaster of Paris may be made by receipt 
No. 167. 

183. SHELL-LAC VARNISH. 

Dissolve in an iron kettle, one part of pearl-ash 
in about 8 parts of water ; add one part of shell- 
lac, and heat the whole to ebullition. When the 
lac is dissolved, cool the solution, and impregnate 
it with chlorine, till the lac is all precipitated. 
The precipitate is white, but its colour deepens by 
washing and 'consolidation ; dissolved in alcohol, 
lac bleached by the above process yields a varnish 
which is as free from colour as any copal varnish. 

184. CHLORINE FOR SHELL-LAC 
VARNISH. 

This may be formed by mixing intimately eight 
parts of common salt, and three of the black oxide 
of manganese in powder ; put this mixture into a 
retort, then pour four parts of sulphuric acid, 
diluted with an equal weight of water, and after- 
wards allowed to cool upon the salt and man- 
ganese ; the gas will then be immediately libe- 
rated, and the operation may be quickened by a 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 91 

moderate heat, A tube leading from the mouth of 
the retort must be passed into the resinous solu- 
tion, when the gas will be absorbed, and the lac 
precipitated. 

185. SHELL-LAC VARNISHES OF VARI- 
OUS COLOURS. 

These may be made by using any colour in fine 
powder with the varnish, in the following manner : 
rub up the colour with a little alcohol or spirits of 
turpentine till it becomes perfectly smooth, then 
put it into the cup with the varnish. Shell-lac var- 
nish is the best spirit varnish we have, and may 
be made any colour by the above process. 

186. GOLD OIL-COLOUR, OR SIZE. 

The English method of preparing the colour in 
size, which serves as the ground on which the gold 
is laid, is, to grind together some red oxide of lead 
with the thickest drying oil that can be procured, 
the older the better. To make it work freely, it 
is mixed, before being used, with a little oil of tur- 
pentine, till it is brought to a proper consistence. 
The above four receipts are used in japanning. 



92 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

18T. JAPANNING. 

If it be woodwork you are about to japan, it 
must be prepared with size, and some coarse ma- 
terial mixed with it to fill up and harden the grain 
of the wood, (such as may best suit the colour to be 
laid on,) which must be rubbed smooth with glass 
papeiMvhcn dry. In cases of accident, it is seldom 
necessary to re-size the damaged places, unless 
they are considerable. 

188. GRINDING COLOURS IN JAPANNING. 

Be very careful in japanning, to grind your 
colours smooth in spirits of turpentine, then add a 
small quantity of turpentine and spirit varnish, lay 
it carefully on with a camel-hair brush, and varnish 
it with brown or white spirit varnish, according to 
the colour. 

189. COLOURS REQUIRED IN JAPANNING. 

Flake white, red lead, vermillion, lake, Prussian 
blue, patent yellow, orpiment, ochres, verditers, 
Vandyke brown, umber, lamp-black, and siennas 
raw and burnt. With these you may match almost 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 93 

any colour in general use in japanning. For a black 
japan, it will be found sufficient to mix a little 
gold-size with lamp-black ; this will bear a good 
gloss, without requiring to be varnished afterwards. 

190. TO PREPARE A FINE TORTOISE- 
SHELL JAPAN, GROUND BY MEANS 
OF HEAT. 

Take 1 gallon of good linseed oil, and Jib. of 
umber; boil them together till the oil becomes 
very brown and thick, then strain it through a 
coarse cloth, and set it again to boil; in which 
state it must be continued till it acquires a consis- 
tence resembling that of pitch ; it will then be fit 
for use. 

191. DIRECTIONS FOR USING TORTOISE- 

SHELL JAPAN. 

Having thus prepared the' varnish or japan, 
clean well the substance which is to be japanned; 
then lay vermillion, tempered with shell-lac varnish, 
or with drying oil, very thinly diluted with oil of 
turpentine, on the places intended to imitate the 
more transparent parts of the tortoise-shell ; when 



94 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

the vermillion is dry, brush the whole over with 
black varnish, tempered to a due consistence with 
the oil of turpentine. When set and firm, put the 
work into a stove, where it may undergo a very 
strong heat, which must be continued a considera- 
ble time ; if even three weeks or a month it will 
be the better. This tortoise-shell ground is not 
less valuable for its great hardness, and enduring 
to be made hotter than boiling-water without 
damage, than for the superior beauty and bril- 
liancy of its appearance. 

192. TO MAKE CLOTH, SILK, &c, WATER- 
PROOF. 

Mix equal quantities of alum and acetate of 
lead, and dissolve the mixture in 1J gallons of 
boiling-water. When the solution has cooled, 
remove the supernatent liquid from the sediment, 
which consists of sulphate of lead, and it is ready 
for use. Any article of dress, when well saturated 
in this liquid, and allowed to dry slowly, bears the 
action of boiling-water, and does not permit it to 
pass through, although steam and air penetrate 
it freely. 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 95 

193. CROCKERY CEMENT. 

Dissolve loz. of common salt in 1 quart of 
water, bring to a boil, and put in ljlbs. gum 
shell-lac ; when it shall have dissolved, pour into 
cold water, and work like wax ; make into small 
sticks. This will make crockery as firm a3 a rock. 
Directions : — Warm the stick, apply it to the 
broken edges, then heat the edges, place them 
together and hold for a minute, and they are firm. 

194. A CEMENT FOR CHINA, GLASS- 
WARE, kc. 

Take a thick mucillage of gum arabic, and stir 
into it plaster of paris to form a thick paste, apply 
to the edges with a brush, and press firmly to- 
gether and confine them two or three days, and 
you will be astonished at their firmness. 

195. ANGLER'S SECRET. 

The juice of loveage or smellage mixed with any 
kind of bait, or a few drops of the oil of rhodium ; 
India cockle, also, is sometimes mixed with flour 
dough, and sprinkled on the surface of still water. 



96 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

This intoxicates the fish, and makes him turn up 
on the top of the water, when he is taken and put 
in a tub of fresh water until he revives, when all 
is right ; he may be eaten without fear ; but this 
will destroy many fish. 

196. MORELLA WINE. 

Take the juice of morella or tame cherries, and 
to each quart put 3 quarts of water, and 41bs. of 
coarse brown sugar ; let them ferment, and skim 
until worked clear ; then draw off, avoiding the 
sediment at the bottom, bung up, or bottle, which 
is best for all wines, letting the bottles lie always 
on the side, either for wines or beers. 

197. HAIR DYE. 

No. 1. Crystalised nitrate of silver, 1 drachm ; 
soft water, loz. No. 2. Sulphide (sulphuret is the 
same) of potassium, 1 drachm ; soft water, loz. ; 
wash the beard or hair with soap to remove oil, 
dry with a towel a little, then apply No. 1, and 
directly after it No. 2, for a few minutes, alter- 
nately, using different tooth-brushes for each No. 
Clear days are best on which to apply it. As soon 



f 

OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 97 

as dry, wash out well with soap. Keep it from 
shirt bosoms and face, especially No. 1, as it will 
make the face sore as well as colour it. If you do 
get it on the skin, cyanide (cyanuret is the same) 
of potassium, 1 drachm, to 2ozs. of water, will 
take it off. This last is poision, however, and 
should not touch sore places, nor be left where 
children may get at it. 

198. TALLOW CANDLES IN IMITATION 
OF WAX. 

Purify melted mutton tallow by throwing in 
powdered quicklime, then add 2 parts of wax to 1 
of tallow. A most beautiful article of candle, 
resembling wax, will be produced by the mixture. 
Dip the wicks in lime-water and saltpetre on 
making. 

199. TO STAIN MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS 
A CRIMSON STAIN. 

Take of ground Brazil, lib. ; water, 3 quarts ; 
cochineal, Joz. ; boil the brazil in the water for 
an hour ; then strain, and add the cochineal ; then 
boil it gently for half-an-hour, when it will be fit 



98 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

for use. If you wish a scarlet tint, boil an ounce 
of saffron in a quart of water, and pass over the 
work before you stain it. The article must be very 
clean, and of firwood, or the best sycamore. When 
varnished over this stain it is most elegant. 

200. A PURPLE STAIN FOR VIOLINS, &c. 

Take of chipped logwood, lib. ; of water, 3 
quarts ; of pearl-ash, 4ozs ; of indigo, pounded, 
2ozs. ; put the logwood in the water, boil well for 
an hour, then add the pearl-ash and indigo, and 
when dissolved, you will have a beautiful purple. 

201. A BLUE STAIN FOR VIOLINS, &c. 

Take of oil of vitriol in a glass bottle, lib. ; put 
into it 4ozs. of indigo, and proceed as directed in 
dyeing. 

202. GREEN STAIN FOR VIOLINS, &c. 

Take of strong vinegar, 3 pints ; of best verdi- 
gris, 4ozs. ground fine ; of sap green, -Joz. ; of 
indigo, Joz. ; mix all together. 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 99 

203. GENERAL DIRECTIONS FOR 

DYEING. 

The materials should be perfectly clean; soap 
should be rinsed out in soft water ; the article 
should be entirely wetted, or it will spot ; light 
colours should be steeped in brass, tin, or earthen ; 
and, if set at all, should be set with alum. Dark 
colours should be boiled in iron, and set with cop- 
peras ; too much copperas rots the thread. 

204. FOR COLOURING SKY BLUE. 

Get the blue composition; it may be had at 
the druggist's, or clothier's, for a shilling an 
ounce. If the articles are not white, the old 
colours should be all discharged by soap or a 
strong solution of tartaric acid, then rinsed ; 12 
or 16 drops of the composition, stirred into a 
quart-bowl of warm soft water, and strained if set- 
tlings are seen, will dye a great many articles. 
If you want a deeper colour, add a few drops more 
of the composition. If you wish to colour cotton 
goods, put in pounded chalk to destroy the acid, 
which is very destructive to all cotton ; let it stand 
until the effervescence subsides, and then it may 
be safely used for cotton or silk. 



100 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

205. FOR LILAC COLOUR. 

Take a little pinch of archil, and put some boil- 
ing-hot water upon it, add to it a very little lump 
of pear-lash. Shades may be altered by pear-lash, 
common salt, or wine. 

206. TO COLOUR BLACK. 

Logwood and cider, boiled together in iron, 
water being added for the evaporation, makes a 
good and durable black. Rusty nails or any bits 
of rusty iron, boiled in vinegar, with a small piece 
of copperas, will also dye black ; so will ink pow- 
der, if boiled with vinegar. In all cases, black 
must be set with copperas. 

207. TO DYE LEMON COLOUR. 

Peach-leaves, bark scraped from the barberry- 
bush, or saffron, steeped in water, and set with 
alum, will colour a bright lemon, drop in a little 
gum-arabic to make the articles stiff. 

208. TO DYE ROYAL PURPLE. 

Soak logwood chips in soft water until the 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 101 

strength is out, then add a teaspoonful of alum to 
a quart of the liquor ; if this is not bright enough, 
add more alum, rinse and dry. When the dye is 
exhausted, it will colour a fine lilac. 

209. TO DYE SLATE COLOUR. 

Tea grounds, boiled in iron vessels, set with 
copperas, makes a good slate colour. To produce 
a light slate colour, boil white maple bark in clear 
water, with a little alum. The bark should be 
boiled in brass utensils. The goods should be 
boiled in it, and then hung where they will drain 
and dry. 

210. TO DYE SCARLET. 

Dip the cloth in a solution of alkaline or metal- 
lic salt, then in a cochineal dye, and let it remain 
some time, and it will come out permanently 
coloured. Another method : Jib. of madder, Joz. 
of cream tartar, and loz. of marine acid to lib. of 
cloth ; put it all together, and bring the dye to a 
scalding heat ; put in your materials, and they will 
be coloured in ten minutes. The dye must be 
only scalding hot. Rinse your goods in cold 
water as soon as they come from the dye. 



102 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

211. TO COLOUR A BRIGHT MADDER. 

For lib. of yarn or cloth, take 3ozs. of madder ; 
3ozs. of alum ; loz. of cream tartar ; prepare a 
brass kettle with 2 gallons of water, and bring the 
liquor to a steady heat, then add your alum and 
tartar, and bring it to a boil ; put in your cloth, 
and boil it two hours ; take it out, and rinse it in 
cold water ; empty your kettle, and fill it with as 
much water as before ; then add your madder ; 
rub it in fine in the water before your cloth is in. 
When your dye is as warm as you can bear your 
hand in, then put in your cloth, and let it lie one 
hour, and keep a steady heat ; keep it in motion 
constantly, then bring it to a boil fifteen minutes, 
then air and rinse it. If your goods are new, use 
4ozs. of madder to a lb. 

212. TO COLOUR GREEX. 

If you wish to colour green, have your cloth as 
free as possible from the old colour, clean, and 
rinsed ; and, in the first place, colour it deep 
yellow. Fustic, boiled in soft water, makes the 
strongest and brightest yellow dye ; but saffron, 
barberry-bush, peach-leaves, or onion-skins, will 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 103 

answer pretty well. Next take a bowlful of strong 
yellow dye, and pour in a great spoonful or more 
of the blue composition, stir it up well with a 
clean stick, and dip the articles you have already 
coloured yellow into it, and they will take a lively 
grass-green. This is a good plan for old bomba- 
zet-curtains, dessert-cloths, old flannel for desk- 
coverings, &c. 

213. TO DYE STRAW COLOUR AND 
YELLOW. 

Saffron, steeped in earthen and strained, colours 
a fine straw colour. It makes a delicate or deep 
shade, according to the -strength of the tea. 
Colouring yellow is described in receipt No. 212. 
In all these cases a little bit of alum does no 
harm, and may help to fix the colour. Ribbons, 
gauze handkerchiefs, &c., are coloured well in this 
way, especially if they be stiffened by a bit of 
gum-arabic, dropped in while the stuff is steeping. 

211. TO DYE A DRAB COLOUR. 

Take plum-tree sprouts, and boil them an hour 
or more ; add copperas, according; to the shade you 
f2 



104 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

wish your articles to be. White ribbons take very 
pretty in this dye. 

215. TO DYE PURPLE. 

Boil an ounce of cochineal in a quart of vine- 
gar. This will afford a beautiful purple. 

216. TO DYE BROWN. 

Use a teaspoonful of soda to an ounce of cochi- 
neal, and a quart of soft water. 

217. TO COLOUR PINK. 

Boil lib. of cloth an hour in alum water, pound 
f of an oz. of cochineal and mix with loz. of 
cream of tartar ; put in a brass kettle, with water, 
enough to cover the cloth ; when about blood-heat 
put in your cloth, stir constantly, and boil about 
fifteen minutes. 

218. TO DYE A COFFEE COLOUR. 

Use copperas in a madder-dye, instead of mad- 
der compound. 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 105 

219. TO DYE NANKIN COLOUR. 

The simplest way is to take a pailful of lye, to 
which put a piece of copperas half as big as a 
hen's egg ; boil in a copper or tin kettle. 

220. TO MAKE ROSE COLOUR. 

Balm blossoms, steeped in water, colour a 
pretty rose colour. This answers very well for 
the linings of children's bonnets, for ribbons, &c. 

221. TO DYE STRAW AND CHIP BONNETS 
BLACK. 

Boil them in strong logwood liquor 3 or 4 hours, 
occasionally adding green copperas, and taking 
the bonnets out to cool in the air, and this must 
be continued for some hours. Let the bonnets 
remain in the liquor all night, and the next morn- 
ing take them out, dry them in the air, and brush 
them with a soft brush. Lastly, rub them inside 
and out with a sponge moistened with oil, and 
then send them to be blocked. Hats are done in 
the same way. 



106 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

222. TO DYE WHITE GLOVES A BEAU- 
TIFUL PURPLE. 

Boil 4oz. of logwood, and 2oz. of roche-alum, in 
3 pints of soft water, till half wasted ; let it stand 
to be cold after straining. If they be old gloves 
let them be mended ; then do them over with a 
brush, and when dry repeat it. Twice is sufficient 
unless the colour is to be very dark ; when dry, 
rub off the loose dye with a coarse cloth ; beat up 
the white of an egg, and with a sponge rub it over 
the leather. The dye will stain the hands, but 
wetting them with vinegar before they are washed 
will take it off. 

223. TO BLEACH STRAW HATS, &c. 

Straw hats and bonnets are bleached by putting 
them, previously washed in pure water, in a box 
with burning sulphur ; the fumes which arise unite 
with the water on the bonnets, and the sulphurous 
acid, thus formed, bleaches them. 

224. TO DYE SILKS BLACK. 

To 8 gallons of water add 4ozs. of copperas ; 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 107 

immerse for 1 hour and take out and rinse ; boil 
21bs. logwood chips, or Jib. of extract ; Jib. of 
fustic ; and for white silks, Jib. of nicwood ; dis- 
solve 21bs. of good bar-soap in a gallon of water ; 
mix all the liquids together, and then add the 
soap, having just enough to cover the silk ; stir 
briskly until a good lather is formed, then im- 
merse the silk and handle it lively. The dye 
should be as warm as the hand will bear ; dry 
quickly and without rinsing. The above is enough 
for 10 yards or one dress. 

225. TO COLOUR YELLOW ON COTTON. 

Wet 61bs. of goods thoroughly; and to the same 
quantity of water add 9oz. of sugar of lead ; and 
to the same quantity of water in another vessel, 
add 6oz. of bichromate of potash ; clip the goods 
first into the solution of sugar of lead, and next 
into that of the potash, and then again into the 
first; wring out, dry, and afterwards rinse in 
cold water. 

226. FOR STAINING GLASS— No. 1 FLUX. 
Minium, or red lead, 3 parts ; white sand, 



108 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

washed, 1 part. This mixture is melted, by which 
it is converted into a greenish-yellow glass. 

227. No. 2 FLUX. 

Of No. 1, 8 parts ; fused borax, in powder, 1 
part. This mixture is melted. 

228. No. 3 FLUX. 

Fused borax, 5 parts ; calcined flint, 3 parts ; 
pure minium, 1 part. This mixture is also melted. 
The above fluxes are used in procuring the differ- 
ent colours for staining glass. 

229. INDIGO BLUE. 

Oxide of cobalt, 1 part ; flux No. 3, 2 parts. 

230. TURQUOISE BLUE. 

Oxide of cobalt, 1 part ; oxide of zinc, 3 or 4 
parts ; flux No. 3, 6 parts ; melt and pour out. 
If it is not sufficiently green, increase the zinc and 
flux. 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 109 

231. AZURE BLUE. 

Oxide of cobalt, 1 part ; oxide of zinc, 2 parts ; 
flux No. 2, 8 parts ; melt them together. 

232. DEEP AZURE BLUE. 

Oxide of cobalt, 1 part ; oxide of zinc, 2 parts ; 
flux No. 2, 5 parts. The beauty of this colour 
depends on the proportion of flux. As little as 
possible is to be used ; it must, however, be bril- 
liant. Sometimes less*is used than the proportion 
indicated. 

233. SKY* BLUE. 

Oxide'of cobalt, 1 part ; oxide of zinc, 2 parts ; 
flux No. 2, 12 parts'; pound up, melt, and pour 
out. 

234. EMERALD GREEN. 

Oxide of copper,]! part ; antimonic acid, 10 

parts; flux No.| 1 ? ) 30 t 'parts ; pulverize together, 

and melt. 
f3 



110 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

235. BLUEISH GREEN. 

Green oxide of chromium, 1 part ; oxide of 
cobalt, 2 parts ; triturate, and melt at a high heat. 
The product is a button slightly melted, from 
which is removed the portion in contact with the 
crucible. This button is pounded up, and three 
parts of flux No. 3, for one of the button, are 
added to it. 

236. GRASS GREEN. 

Green oxide of chromium 1 part, flux No. 3, 
3 parts, triturate and melt. 

237. DEEP YELLOW. 

Antimonic acid 2 parts, subsulphate of iron 1 
part, flux No. 1, 10 parts; melt and pour out. 
The subsulphate of iron may be increased a little, 
the proportions of flux vary. 

238. JONQUILLE YELLOW FOR FLOWERS. 

Litharge 18 parts, sand 6 parts. The product 
of the calcination of equal parts of lead and tin 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. Ill 

2 parts, carbonate of soda 1 part, antimonic acid 
1 part, rub together, or triturate, and melt. 

239. WAX YELLOW. 

Litharge 18 parts, sand 4 parts, oxide of anti- 
mony 2 parts, sienna earth 2 parts ; melt. If it 
is too deep the proportion of sienna earth may be 
decreased. 

240. OBANGE YELLOW. 

Chromate of lead 1 part, minium 3 parts. 

241. BRICK RED. 

Yellow No. 240 12 parts, red oxide of iron 1 
part. 

242. DEEP BLOOD RED. 

Subsulphate of iron, calcined in a muffle until it 
becomes a beautiful capucine red 1 part, flux No. 
2, 3 parts ; mix without melting. 

243. BROWN YELLOW OCHRE. 

Yellow ochre No. 244, 10 parts, sienna earth 1 
part ; triturate without melting. 



112 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

244. DEEP YELLOW OCHRE.— Called 

Yellow Brown. 

Subsulphate of iron 1 part, oxide of zinc 1 part, 
flux No. 2, 5 parts ; triturate without melting. 

245. PURE PURPLE. 

The purple powder of Cassius mixed while moist 
with flux No. 3, and sometimes a little chloride of 
silver previously melted with flux No. 3. If the 
purple, when prepared, does not melt sufficiently 
easy, some flux may be added when it is dry. 

246. DEEP VIOLET. 

The purple of Cassius, in place of flux No. 3, 
flux No. 1 is mixed with it. Sometimes a little of 
blue No. 233 is added. 

247. FLESH RED. 

The sulphate of iron, put in a small crucible, 
and lightly calcined, produces a suitable red oxide 
Those which have the desired tone are selected. 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 113 

All the flesh reds are made in this way, ana vary 
only in the degree of heat which they receive. 

248. HAIR BROWN. 

Yellow ochre, No. 244, 15 parts ; oxide of co- 
balt, 1 part ; well triturated and calcined, in order 
to give the tone to it. 

249. LIVER BROWN. 

Oxide of iron made of a red brown, and mixed 
with three times its weight of flux No. 2. A tenth 
of sienna earth is added to it if it is not sufficiently 
deep. 

250. WHITE. 

The white enamel of commerce in cakes. 

251. YELLOWISH GRAY. 

Yellow No. 252, 1 part ; blue, No. 233, 1 part ; 
oxide of zinc, 2 or 3 parts ; flux No. 2, 5 parts ; 
sometimes a little black is added, according to the 
tone which the mixture produces. The proportions 
of the blue and yellow vary. 



114 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

252. YELLOW FOR BROWNS & GREENS. 

Antimonic acid, 2 parts ; sulphate of iron 1 part ; 
flux No. 1, 9 parts. This colour is melted and 
sometimes a little Naples yellow is added if it is 
too soft, i.e., melts too easily. 

253. BLUEISH GRAY FOR MIXTURES. 

Blue previously made by melting together three 
parts of flux No. 1, and one part of the mixture 
of oxide of cobalt, 8 parts ; oxide of zinc, 1 part ; 
sulphate of iron calcined at a forge heat, 1 part ; 
flux No. 2, 3 parts ; triturate and add a little man- 
ganese in order to render it more gray. 

254. GRAYISH BLACK FOR MIXTURES. 

l r ellow ochre, No. 244, 15 parts ; oxide of co- 
balt, 1 part; triturate and calcine in a crucible 
until it has the desired tone. A little oxide of 
manganese is added in order to make it blacker ; 
sometimes a little more of oxide of cobalt. 

255. DEEP BLACK. 
Oxide of cobalt, 2 parts ; oxide of copper, 2 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 115 

parts ; oxide of manganese, 1 part ; flux No. 1, 
6 parts ; fused borax, J part ; melt and add oxide 
of manganese, 1 part ; oxide of copper, 2 parts : 
triturate without melting. 

256. GENERAL DIRECTIONS. 

The colours thus prepared after having been 
rubbed up on a plate of ground glass with the 
spirits of turpentine or lavender, thickened in the 
air are applied with a hair pencil. Before using 
them, however, it is necessary to try them on 
small pieces of glass, and expose them to the fire, 
to ascertain if the desired tone of colour is prc- 
duced. The artist must be guided by these proof 
pieces in using his colours. The proper glass for 
receiving these colours should be uniform, colour- 
less, and difficult of fusion. For this reason crown 
glass made with a little alkali or kelp is preferred. 
A design must be drawn upon paper and placed 
beneath the plate of glass. The upper side of the 
glass being sponged over with gum-water affords, 
when dry, a surface proper for receiving the 
colours, without the risk of their running irregu- 
larly, as they would be apt to do on the slippery 
glass. The artist draws on the plate, with a fine 



116 DExMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

pencil all the traces -which mark the great 
outlines and shades of the figures. This is usu- 
ally done in black, and afterwards, when it is dry, 
the vitrifying colours are laid on by means of larger 
hair pencils. The yellow formed with chloride of 
silver is generally laid on the back of the glass, 
for it is apt to run with the other colours while 
heating. 

The pigments used in painting on glass are 
principally matallic oxides and chlorides, and as, in 
most of these, the colour is not brought out until 
after the painting is submitted to heat, it is neces- 
sary to ascertain beforehand if the colours are 
properly mixed by painting on slips of glass, and 
exposing them to heat in a muffle. The painter is 
guided by these trial pieces in laying on his 
colours. To fire the paintings a furnace with a 
muffle is used. The muffles are made of refractory 
clay. 

257. WHITE COATING FOR GOLD 
VARNISHES. 

A quart of strong parchment size and half a 
pint of water are to be made quite hot, and to these 
are to be added, (in small portions from time to 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 117 

time,) two good handsful of common whiting, 
passed through a fine sieve ; this mixture is to be 
left to infuse for half an hour, when it is to be 
stirred carefully so that the amalgamation may be 
perfect. This coating is preferable to any glue or 
cement for coating picture-frames, &c, on which is 
to be laid the tin or silver foil, to be varnished 
with gold varnishes or lackers. 

258. LEAD COLOTJBED PAINT. 

Whiting, 1121bs $1.12 

Blue-black, 51bs 0.25 

White lead ground in oil, 281bs.... 2.24 

Koad-dirt, 561bs 0.10 

Lime-water, 5 galls , 0,05 

Eesidue of the oil, 2 J galls 1.25 

Weights, 2561bs 85.01 

To the above add 2 galls, of the incorporated 
oil, and 2 galls, of the linseed oil to thin it for 
use, and it will not exceed two cents and a quarter. 
The lime-water, whiting, road-dirt, and blue-black 
must be first mixed together, then add the ground 
lead, first blending it with 2J galls, of the pre- 



118 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

pared fish oil ; after which, thin the whole with 2 
galls, of linseed oil and 2 galls, of incorporated oil, 
and it will be fit for use. For garden doors, and 
other work liable to be in constant use, a little 
spirits of turpentine may be added to the paint 
whilst laying on, which will have the desired effect. 

259. BRIGHT GREEN PAINT. 

112 lbs. yellow ochre in powder, at 

5cts. per lb § 5.50 

168 lbs. road-dust 0.25 

112 lbs. wet blue, at 20cts. per lb... 22.40 

10 lbs. blue-black, at 5cts. per lb... 0.50 

6 galls, of lime-water 0.06 

4 galls, fish oil, prepared 2.40 

7 J galls, incorporated oil 4.28 

7 J galls, linseed oil, at 90cts. per gal 6.75 

592 lbs $42.24 

It will be seen that the bright green paint costs 
but about 7cts. per lb., ready to lay on ; and the 
inventor challenges any colour-man or painter to 
produce a green equal to it for five times the price. 
After painting, the colour left in the pot may be 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 119 

covered with water to prevent it from sinking, and 
the brushes, as usual, should be cleaned with the 
painting-knife, and kept under water. A brighter 
green may be formed by omitting the blue-black. 
A lighter green may be made by the addition of 
lOlbs. of ground white lead. A variety of greens 
may be obtained by varying the proportions of the 
blue and yellow. Observe that the wet blue must 
be ground with the incorporated oil, preparatory 
to its being mixed with the mass. 

260. STONE-COLOURED PAINT. 

Lime-water, 4 galls $0.04 

Whiting, 1121bs 1-12 

White lead, ground, 281bs... ...... 2.24 

Road-dust, 561bs 0.10 

Prepared fish oil, 2 galls 1.20 

Incorporated oil, 3J galls 2.00 

Linseed oil, 3J galls 3.15 

Weights, 2931bs $9.85 

The above stone-colour fit for use, is not three and 
a half cents per pound. 



120 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

261. BROWN-RED COLOURED PAINT. 

Lime-water, 8 galls § 0.08 

Spanish brown, 1121bs 3.36 

Road-dust, 2241bs ,. 0.40 

4 galls, of fish oil 2.40 

4 galls, incorporated oil >.. 2.28 

4 galls, linseed oil 3.60 

Weight, 5011bs §12.12 

This paint is scarcely two and a half cents per 
pound. The Spanish brown must be in powder. 

262. A GOOD CHOCOLATE COLOURED 

PAINT. 

This is made by the addition of blue black in 
powder, or lamp-black to receipt No. 261, till the 
colour is to the painter's mind; and a lighter 
brown may be formed by adding ground white 
lead. By ground lead is meant white lead ground 
in oil. 

263. YELLOW PAINT. 

This is prepared with yellow ochre in powder, 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 121 

to receipt No. 261, in the same proportion as Span- 
ish brown. 

264. BLACK PAINT. 

This is also prepared in the same proportion, 
as receipt No. 261, using lamp-black or blue- 
black, instead of Spanish brown. 

265. WHITE PAINT. 

Slack a peck of nice, clean, fresh lime in a 
covered vessel, with water which is boiling hot ; 
when well slacked, strain it well, then add to it 
ljlbs. of finely ground rice ; let the rice be boiled 
to a thin paste, and stirred in while very hot ; j- 
peck of common salt, well dissolved in warm 
water; Jib. of clean glue, dissolved in water; and 
Jib. of whiting ; when well mixed, add 5 gallons 
of very hot water, then stir well, and let stand a 
few days well covered. Put it on hot, and it will 
stand the weather as well as a good deal of white 
lead. You may colour this paint to suit your 
taste, using and stirring in well Spanish brown 
for a red pink colour. Take common clay finely 
powdered, and mixed well with Spanish brown for 



122 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

a reddish stone-colour. For yellow colour use 
yellow ochre if you please, but chrome yellow 
makes a richer colour and less does. You may 
make the colours dark or light according to the 
quantity of colouring matter used. 

266. COMPOUND COLOURED PAINTS, OR 
COLOURS ARISING FROM MIXTURE. 

The various colours that may be obtained by the 
mixture of other colours, are innumerable. * I only 
propose here to give the best and simplest modes 
of preparing those which are required for use. 
Compound colours, formed by the union of only 
two colours, are called by painters virgin tints. 
The smaller the number of colours of which any 
compound colour is composed, the purer and the 
richer it will be. They are prepared as follows : 

267. LIGHT GRAY. 

This is made by mixing white lead with lamp- 
black, using more or less of each material, as you 
wish to obtain a darker or lighter colour. 

268. BUFF COLOUR. 

This is made from yellow ochre and white lead. 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 123 

269. SILVER OR PEARL GRAY. 

Mix white lead, indigo, and a very light portion 
of black, regulating the quantities by the shade 
you wish to obtain. 

270. FLAXEN GRAY. 

This is obtained by a mixture of white lead and 
Prussian blue, with a small quantity of lake. 

271. BRICK COLOUR. 

This is prepared by mixing yellow ochre, and 
red lead, with a little 'white lead. 

272. OAK WOOD COLOUR. 

Mix together three-fourths white lead, and one- 
fourth part umber and yellow ochre ; the propor- 
tions of the last two ingredients being determined 
by the required tints. 

273. WALNUT TREE COLOUR. 

Two-thirds white lead, and one-third red ochre ? 



124 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

yellow ochre, and umber, mixed according to the 
shade sought. If veining is required, use different 
shades of the same mixture, and for the deepest 
places, black. 

274. JONQUIL. 

Mix together yellow, pink, and white lead. 
This colour is only proper for distemper. 

275. LEMON YELLOW. 

Mix together realgar and orpiment ; some 
object to this mixture on account of the poisonous 
nature of the ingredients. The same colour can 
be obtained by mixing yellow-pink with Naples 
yellow ; but it is then only fit for distemper. 

276. ORANGE COLOUR. 

For this colour mix red lead and yellow ochre. 

277. VIOLET COLOUR. 

Make, by mixing vermillion, or red lead, with 
black or blue, and a small portion of white : ver- 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 125 

milion is far preferrable to red lead, in mixing 
this colour. 

278. PURPLE. 

Made by mixing dark-red with violet-colour, 

279. CARNATION. 

Mix together lake colour and white. 

280. GOLD COLOUR. 

This is procured by mixing massicot, or Naples 
yellow, with a small quantity of realgar, and a 
very little Spanish white. 

281. OLIVE COLOUR. 

This may be obtained by various mixtures : 
black and a little blue, mixed with yellow ; yellow- 
pink, with a little verdigris and lamp-black ; or 
ochre and a small quantity of white, will also pro- 
duce a kind of olive colour. For distemper, indigo 
and yellow-pink, mixed with white lead or Spanish 
white, must be used. If veined, it should be done 
with umber. 



126 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

282. LEAD COLOUR. 

Mix together indigo and white lead or whiting. 

283. CHESTNUT COLOUR. 

Mix red-ochre and black, for a dark-chestnut. 
To make it lighter, employ a mixture of yellow- 
ochre. 

284. LIGHT TIMBER COLOUR. 

For this colour mix together spruce-ochre, white 
and a little umber. 

285. FLESH COLOUR. 

Mix lake, white-lead, and a little vermilion. 

286. LIGHT WILLOW GREEN. 

This is made by mixing white with verdigris. 

286. GRASS GREEN. 

For this mix yellow-pink with verdigris. An 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 127 

endless variety of greens can be obtained by the 
mixture of blue and yellow in different proportions, 
with the occasional addition of white lead. 

287. STONE COLOUR. 

Mix white with a little spruce-ochre. 

288. DARK LEAD COLOUR. 

Mix black and white with a little indigo. 

289. FAWN COLOUR. 

Mix white lead, stone-ochre, and a little ver- 
milion. 

290. CHOCOLATE COLOUR. 

Mix lamp-black and Spanish brown. On account 
of the fatness of the lamp-black, mix some litharge 
and red lead. 

291. PORTLAND STONE COLOUR. 



Mix umber, yellow ochre, and white lead. The 
g2 



128 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

variety of shades of brown that may be obtained, 
are nearly as numerous as those of green. 

292. TO IMITATE MAHOGANY. 

Let the first coat of painting be white lead, the 
second orange, and the last burned umber or 
sienna ; imitating the veins according to your 
taste and practice. 

293. TO IMITATE WAINSCOAT. 

Let the first coat be white, the second half 
white and half yellow-ochre, and the third yellow- 
ochre only. Shadow with umber or sienna. 

294. TO IMITATE SATIN WOOD. 

Take white for your first coating, light blue for 
the second, and dark blue or dark green for the 
third. 

295. TURNER'S PATENT YELLOW PAINT 

When sea-salt is made into a paste with litharge, 
it is decomposed, its acid unites with the litharge, 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 129 

and the soda is set free. Hence Turner's patent 
process for decomposing sea-salt, which consists in 
mixing two parts of the former with one of the 
latter, moistening and leaving them together for 
about twenty-four hours. The product is then 
washed, filtered, and evaporated, by which soda is 
obtained. A white substance is now left undis- 
solved; it is a compound of muriatic acid and 
lead, which, when heated, changes its colour, and 
forms Turner's yellow ; a very beautiful colour, 
much in use among coach-painters. 

296. TO PAINT IN IMITATION OF BLACK 
WALNUT. 

Wash the surface of the wood with weak alum- 
water, after being well sand-papered ; then go over it 
with linseed oil, coloured with murat amber and red 
lead. It is better to have this colour rather light, 
and renew the application ; when this has suffi- 
ciently dried, go over the surface with a strong 
sizing of transparent glue, and then use two cas- 
tors of copal varnish. Any good grained pine will 
bear a very close resemblance to walnut, and the 
surface will be nearly as hard. 

H^ For mixing the foregoing paints it is 
impossible to lay down any particular rule as to 



130 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

quantity, as each person mixes them of a shade 
to suit his own taste. They are mixed with oil 
and a little turpentine, and sometimes a little 
japan is added to assist in drying. When they 
are not mixed in this way the particular mode is 
mentioned. 

297. RULES FOR MAKING PICKLES. 

Select the best vinegar, for on this will depend 
the quality of your pickles ; use glass bottles or 
stone jars for your pickles, never use earthenware 
glazed; use wooden knives and forks in making; 
leave the jars three-fourths full of the articles to 
be pickled ; then fill the jar or bottle with the vine- 
gar. If you add alum at all let it be very little ; 
look your pickles over occasionally and remove 
any that may not be doing well. Small cucum- 
bers, beans, green plums, tomatoes, onions, and 
radish pods, maybe used for assorted pickles; one 
red pepper for forty or fifty cucumbers is sufficient ; 
if the vinegar on pickles becomes white or weak, 
take it out and scald and skim it, then return it to 
the pickles. 

298. ASPARAGUS PICKLED. 

Cut and wash the heads of the largest aspara- 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 131 

gus ; place them in cold water for two hours ; 
scald carefully in salt and water, then lay on a 
cloth till cool; make a pickle of salt and vinegar r 
and boil it ; to one gallon of pickles put a quarter 
of an ounce of mace, two nutmegs, a quarter of 
an ounce of whole pepper, and pour your pickle hot 
over them, cover tight with a cloth, and let stand 
a week, then boil the pickle, and let stand a week 
again, and boil again, when cold cover closely. 

299. BEANS AND FRENCH BEANS 
PICKLED. 

Lay them in salt and water for nine days ; then 
add a little vinegar and boil them in the liquor ; 
when they become green strain them, wipe them 
dry, and put the beans into the jar ; boil some 
vinegar, ginger, mace, pepper, cloves, and mustard 
seed, all bruised, and while hot pour it on the 
beans ; cover them close when cold. 

300. TO PICKLE RED CABBAGE. 

Take the quarter of a purple head of cabbage, 
cut out the stalk, then slice it down endways, put 
them on a drying sieve, sprinkle each layer of 



132 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

cabbage with salt, which let lay and drain for two 
or three days, then put into a jar, boil some 
vinegar with spice tied up in a muslin bag, cut a 
beet root of good colour into slices ; the branches 
of cauliflower cut off after it has lain in salt will 
look and be of a beautiful red ; put it into a stone 
jar and pour boiling vinegar over it. 

301. TO PICKLE CUCUMBERS. 

Lay them upon dishes, sprinkle salt over them, 
let them lie a week, drain them off, and put them 
into stone jars, pour boiling vinegar over them, 
place them near the fire, cover them well with 
vine leaves, and if not a good green pour off the 
vinegar and boil it again ; cover them with fresh 
vine leaves, and continue doing so until they are 
a good colour ; as, to make a better green, you 
must use a mettle stew pan or brass kettles, which 
are very poisonous ; use wooden spoons with holes 
to dish all pickles, keeping them always well 
covered and free from air. 

302. TO PICKLE ONIONS. 

Peel the onions till they look white, boil some 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 133 

strong salt and water and pour it over them ; let 
them stand in this twenty-four hours ; keep the 
vessel closely covered to retain the steam ; after 
this wipe the onions quite dry, and when they are- 
cold pour boiling vinegar, with ginger and white 
pepper over them ; the vinegar must cover the 
onions. 

303. TO PICKLE MUSHROOMS. 

These are pickled in salt water and brandy, but 
they are of little advantage. 

304. RAILROAD SYSTEM OF HORSE 
TRAINING. 

This excellent and very simple method of horse 
training is nearly all accomplished by what is called 
the persuader or bit ; which is made as follows : 
take a piece of strong rope eight or ten feet long 
and a quarter of an inch thick, then part the 
horse' s mane in the centre, turning one half tow- 
ards the ears, and the other towards the back of 
the horse ; next tie the rope by one end in a hard 
knot that will not slip — not too tightly — round 
the horses' neck in the place at which the mane is 
divided, having the knot on the right side of the 

neck ; then pass the loose end of the rope 
g3 



134 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

forwards, along the right side of the neck, into 
the horse's mouth and back along the left side of 
the neck to that part of the rope which surrounds 
the horse's neck, underneath which it is passed ; 
then take the loose end of the rope in your hand, 
and you have the persuader or bit completed. 
By pulling on the end which you now hold, you 
draw his mouth up towards his throat, and can 
thereby inflict the most excruciating torture that is 
possible for a horse to undergo, and the beauty of 
it is, without the least injury to the animal. One 
pull on this persuader is more dreaded by a horse 
than a whole day's flogging with a raw-hide. In 
fact he cannot stand it ; no matter how ugly his 
tricks may be, such as kicking, balking or any- 
thing else, if you use the persuader on him at the 
time, you can conquer him at once ; make him as 
meek as a lamb, and glad to do any thing to escape 
the torture inflicted by the persuader. A few 
times is all you will have to use it, even on the 
most sulky animal, until you will see no more of 
his tricks, and he is completely conquered. 

305. TO HALTER WILD COLTS. 

How to approach and halter the wildest colt of 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 135 

any age without danger, and lead him quietly, is 
as follows : choose a large floor, that of a wagon- 
house answers well, strew it over with straw two 
or three inches deep, turn your colt into it, follow 
him in with a good whip, shut the door, and he 
will clear to the farthest corner, follow him, and 
whip him well on the hips, he will clear to another 
corner, follow him, treat him in the same manner, 
and he will soon begin to turn his head towards 
you, then stop and bid him come to you, if he 
does not come, lay on the whip again, being 
always careful not to touch him about the head or 
shoulders, but always about the hips, in a short 
time he will come to you when you bid him, then 
rub his ears, nose, neck, chest, &c, and pet him 
all you can ; halter and lead him about the floor ; 
if at any time he clears from you, pay the whip 
well on his hips until he comes to you again ; after 
a little use him the same way in a small yard, 
and after this you can do as you like with him 
in any place. 

306. HORSES WITH TENDER EARS. 

How to make a horse, that is afraid of his head 
or ears, easy to bridle or halter, is as follows : — if 



136 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

your horse is very fractious and wild, you will need 
to treat him according to receipt No. 305, first ; 
at all events you will want the floor well coyered 
with straw, then raise the left fore leg and strap 
it, so that your horse will stand on three legs, then 
tie a strap just above his right fore foot, and 
standing on the left side of the horse, holding the 
strap in your hand, chirp to him, and the moment 
he attempts to move forwards, he is on his knees ; 
you may then fasten the strap to that on the left 
leg, or hold it in your hand, as you please ; then 
after the horse gets done struggling and working, 
rub his nose and ears gently, and put the halter 
on and take it off repeatedly, to show him that it 
may be done without hurting him, and in a short 
time he will not mind the halter or bridle. 

307. HOW TO CONTROL A VICIOUS 
HORSE. 

How to acquire the most perfect control over 
the most vicious and wildest horse, in a short time, 
without the use of drugs or charms, is by going 
according to receipts No. 305 and No. 306, and 
sometimes you may have to use the persuader. 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 137 

308. TO BREAK A WILD COLT. 

How to break the wildest colt in a short time, 
so that a boy 14 years old can ride or handle him 
in perfect safety. This is done by means of the 
persuader, receipts No. 305 and No. 306, and if 
the boy is to ride him, after the horse is on his 
knees, as directed in receipt Ho. 306, and the 
horse is tired out by struggling, then let somebody 
get on his back, sit there for a while, then move 
on to his shoulders, and back unto his hips, and so 
work round the horse until he does not mind it, 
and has no fear from it. "When he has a few 
lessons like this, any lad may ride him in safety. 

309. TO MAKE A STALLION LIE DOWN. 

How to make the worst stallion lie down, and 
allow you to perform any surgical operation on 
him that you wish, without the assistance of any 
one. If the horse is very ugly, you may need to 
follow, first, receipt No. 305, and, perhaps, use 
the persuader, but it is principally done by receipt 
No. 306, with this addition : when you have the 
horse on his knees, you standing on his left side, 
and holding the strap which is attached to his right 



138 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

fore foot in your hand, as taught in receipt No. 
306, then put a headstall on him, and to its ring 
on the left side of his mouth, tie firmly a stick 
about an inch and a half thick, which, let run up 
on the left side of his neck, to the top of his 
shoulders, then tie the strap, which is attached to 
the right foot, to this poll ; now pull the horse over 
on his left side, and you have him powerless, his 
fore feet are drawn up, and on account of the pole 
he cannot raise his head, so that you have perfect 
control over him to do as you please. 

310. PULLING AT THE HALTER. 

To break a horse from pulling at the halter. 
This is done by means of the persuader ; if he 
pulls once on this, he will never try it again. 

311. WILD STALLIONS. 

How to break the wildest stallion in a short 
time, so that a boy can lead him in perfect safety. 
This is done by putting the horse through a 
regular course of training, according to receipts 
Nos. 305 and 306, and the use of the persuader. 



i 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 139 

312. BALKY HORSES. 

How to make the worst of balky horses pull true. 
Whenever your horse balks, if you there and then, 
openly and publicly, make use of the persuader, 
and jerk him well with it, he will be glad to go, and 
in a short time you will have to use it no more ; 
but as long as this system is kept secret, and when 
a horse balks, you do not then use the persuader, 
you will never break the horse from balking. 

313. SHOEING HORSES. 

How to make a horse stand to be shod. This is 
accomplished by having the persuader fitted on, 
and whenever the horse makes an attempt to be 
ugly, pull on the persuader, and he will very soon 
be glad to stand as quiet as a lamb. 

314. "WHOA." 

How to make a horse understand the word 
" whoa" so perfectly, that he will always stop 
when spoken to, no matter what may occur to 
frighten him. This is done by having the per- 
suader fitted on, and whenever you say " whoa, v 



140 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

in a loud and stern tone of voice, pull on the per- 
suader, and as it is impossible for a horse to fear 
or dread any thing else as much as this, he will 
stop instantly, no matter what may occur to 
frighten him. 

315. THROWING. 

How to break a horse off the habit of throwing 
his rider. This is accomplished by means of the 
persuader, and receipt 308. 

316. SCARING. 

How to break a horse off scaring at umbrellas or 
buffalo robes, so that you may toss them at him 
without disturbing him. To accomplish this you 
want to get the horse on his knees, according to 
receipt No. 306 ; then bring your robes and um- 
brellas near him, let him smell them, toss them at 
him, and throw them over his head carefully, and 
so continue to work, showing him that they do not 
harm him, until all fear of them is lost. 

317. KICKING HORSES. 

How to break the worst class of kicking horses. 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 141. 

To accomplish this, you will want to put the horse 
through a regular course of training, according to 
thi3 system, until you have him well conquered ; 
then keep the persuader on, and if he should ever 
attempt to kick, at that moment jerk well on the 
persuader, and he will think of every thing but 
kicking ; when he attempts it a few times, and you 
check him in this manner, he will quit it altogether. 

318. TO BIT A HORSE. 

How to bit a horse more perfectly, in ten min- 
utes, at a cost of ten cents, than can be done with 
any other bit and rig, at a cost of five to ten 
dollars. This bit is what is called the persuader, 
and it is the best bit that ever was used for bitting 
colts. It puts a most beautiful curve in the neck, 
and leaves the colt at ease while wearing it. 
When it is used for this purpose, the end that you 
hold in your hand in other cases, is now to be tied 
to that part of the persuader which surrounds the 
neck of the horse or colt. 

319. JOCKEY TRICKS.— TO PRODUCE 
FOUNDER. 

How to make a horse appear as if he was badly 



142 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

foundered, in one night's time. Take a fine wire, 
or any substitute, and fasten it tightly round the 
castor tit, the back side of the pasture joint at 
night ; smooth the hair down nicely over it, and 
by morning he will walk as stiff as any foundered 
horse. 

320. FOOD AND STARVATION. 

How to make a horse stand by his food and 
starve to death. Grease the front teeth and roof 
of the mouth with common beef-tallow, and he will 
not eat until you wash it out ; this, in conjunction 
with the above, will consummate a complete 
founder. 

321. GLANDERS. 

How to make a horse appear as if he had the 
glanders, in one night's time. This is done by 
melting fresh butter and pouring it into his ears, 
not too hot. 

322. BALKING. 

How to make a true pulling horse balk. Take 



OP SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 143 

tincture of cantharides loz., and corrosive sub- 
limate 1 drachm ; mix, and bathe his shoulders at 
night. 

323. TO COVER UP HEAVES. 

How to cover up the heaves so effectually, that 
you may work, ride, or run him, and they cannot 
be detected. This will last from twelve to twenty- 
four hours, long enough to trade off. Drench the 
horse with one-fourth pound of common bird shot, 
and he will not heave until they pass through 
him. 

324. THE COUNTENANCE. 

How to put a young countenance on a horse. 
Make a small incision near the sunk place over the 
eye, insert the point of a blow-pipe or goose-quil, 
and blow it up ; close the external wound with 
thread, and it is done. 

325. THE CRIB. 

How to cure a horse of the crib, or sucking 
wind ; saw between the upper front teeth. 



144 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

326. QUESTIONS. 

To teach a horse to answer questions. This is 
done by pricking him with a pin ; for instance, 
you may say to the horse, is your name Tom ? and 
at that moment prick him with a pin so that he 
will squeal ; then ask him, is your name Sam ? 
don't prick him, and he will not squeal. Then say 
again is your name Tom, prick him again, and 
he will squeal ; so continue, and after a time he 
will squeal without being pricked when you ask 
him the first question, &c. 

327. TO NERVE A HORSE. 

How to nerve a horse that is lame. Make a 
small incision about half way from the knee to the 
joint on the outside of the leg, and at the back 
part of the shin bone ; you will find a small white 
tendon or cord ; cut it off and close the external 
wound with a stick, and he will walk off on the 
hardest pavement, and not lame a particle. 

328. A HORSE'S AGE. 

The following rules will enable any man to 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 145 

ascertain with tolerable certainty the age of any 
horse. Every horse has six teeth above and six 
below ; before he arrives at the age of three he 
sheds his two middle teeth by the young teeth ris- 
ing and shoving the old ones out of their place. 
When he arrives at the age of three, he sheds one 
more on each side of the middle teeth ; when four 
years old he sheds two corner and the last of his 
fore teeth ; between four and five he cuts his under 
tusks, and when five will cut his upper tusks, and 
have a mouth full and complete, and the teeth will 
have hollows of a very dark brown colour. At six 
years' old the grooves and hollows in a horse's 
mouth will begin to fill up a little and their tusks 
have their full growth, with their points sharp, and 
a little concave. At seven years old, the grooves 
and hollows will be pretty well filled below. At 
eight, the whole of the hollows and grooves are 
filled up, and you see the appearance of what is 
termed smooth below. At nine years old, the 
point of the tusk is worn off, and the part that was 
concave begins to fill up and becomes rounding. 
Between nine and ten years of age a horse gener- 
ally looses the marks of the mouth. After nine 
years old a wrinkle comes on the eyelid at the 
upper corner of the lower lid, and every year 



146 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

thereafter he has one well defined wrinkle for each 
year over nine. If, for instance, a horse has three 
wrinkles, he is twelve ; if four, he is thirteen, &c t 

329. HEAD, NECK, OR LUNGS. 

How to tell by looking at a horse whether there 
is any thing the matter with his head, neck or 
lungs. A knowledge of this is as useful as it is 
simple. If there is nothing the matter with the 
head, neck or lungs of a horse, the nostrils will 
have a clean, healthy, and bright appearance, but 
if there is, they have always a dirty, muddy, or in 
some way an unhealthy appearance. 

330. PROF. MANDIE'S HORSE TAMING. 

Take finely grated horse caster, or the warty 
excrescence from the horse's leg, oils of rhodium , 
and cumin, keep these in separate bottles well 
corked ; put some of the oil of cumin on your 
hand and approach the horse on the windy side 
that he may smell it ; he will then move towards 
you, then rub some of the cumin on his nose ; give 
him a little of the castor on sugar, salt, or any 
thing he likes, and get 8 or 10 drops of the oil of 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 147 

rhodium on the point of his tongue ; you can then 
get him to do any thing you please. Follow up 
your advantage by all the kindness and attention 
possible towards the animal, and your control is 
certain. This is only fit for nervous horses ; but 
the railroad system is certain. In all kinds of 
ugly horses it i3 the best of methods. 

331. BOTTS IN HORSES. 

This may be relied on as a certain and safe 
remedy for botts in horses. When the horse is 
attacked, pound some common glass very fine, sift 
it through a fine piece of muslin, take a table- 
spoonful, put it inside a ball of dough, (not 
mixed with the dough,) then put it down the 
horse's throat, and in from two to five minutes the 
horse will get up and feel and will be well. The 
moment the glass touches the botts though they 
may have eaten their way into -the coats of the 
stomach, so that but a small portion is exposed, 
they will let go their hold, will pucker up and be 
driven off by the bowels. This remedy is perfectly 
safe, and is the only certain cure for botts under 
the sun. Try it. 



148 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

332. RING BONE AND SPAVIN. 

Take of sweet oil, 4 oz. ; spirits of turpentine, 
2 ozs. ; oil of stone, J oz. Mix and apply three 
times a day. If the horse is over four years old, 
or in any case where this is not sufficient, in addi- 
tion to it, you will fit a bar of lead just above it, 
wiring the ends together, so it constantly wears 
upon the enlargement, and the two together, will 
cure nine cases out of every ten in six weeks. 

333. POLL EVIL AND FISTULA. 

Take 1 lb. common potash dissolved in \ pint 
of water. Add \ oz. extract of belladona and 1 
oz. gum-arabic dissolved in a little water ; work all 
into a paste with wheat flour, and box or bottle up 
tight. In applying this, the place should be well 
cleansed with soap-suds, (castile soap is best) then 
tallow should be applied all around outside to pre- 
vent the hair from being removed by the paste 
dissolving and running over it. Now this paste 
must be pressed to the bottom of all the orifices ; 
if very deep it must be made sufficiently thin to 
inject it by means of a small syringe, and repeated 
once in two days, until all the callous pipes, and 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 149 

hard fibrous base around the poll evil, or fistula, is 
completely destroyed. Sometimes one application 
has cured cases of this kind, but it will generally 
require two or three. If the horse cannot be kept 
up, you will put a piece of oiled cloth over the 
place. The advantage of this caustic over all 
others is, that less pain and inflammation is induced. 
The sores may be cured by the following or 
Sloan's ointment : cedar oil is to be applied to the 
tendons, to prevent them stiffening, in pole evil, or 
other cases. 

334. DeGRAY, OR SLOAN'S HORSE OINT- 
MENT. 

Take of rosin 4oz., lard 8oz., honey 2oz., mix 
and melt slowly, gently bring to a boil, and as it 
begins to boil slowly, add a little less than a pint 
of spirits of turpentine, stirring all the time it is 
being added, then remove from the stove, and stir 
till cool. This is an extraordinary ointment for 
bruises in flesh or hoof, broken knees, galled backs, 
bites, cracked heels, &c, or when a horse is gelded^ 
to heal and keep away flies. 

335. NERVE AND BONE LINIMENT. 

Take of beef 's gall 1 quart, alcohol 1 pint, 

H 



150 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

volatile liniment lib., spirits of turpentine lib., oil 
of origanum 4oz., aqua ammonia 4oz., tincture of 
cayenne J pint, oil of amber 3oz., tincture of 
Spanish fly 6oz., mix and shake well. Uses too well 
known to need description. 

336. TO CURE FOUNDERS IN 24 HOURS. 

Boil or steam stout oat straw for half an hour, 
then wrap it round the horse's legs while quite hot, 
cover up with wet woollen rags to keep in the 
steam : in six hours renew the application. Take 
1 gallon of blood from the neck vein, and give a 
quart of linseed oil. He maybe worked next day. 

337. TO CURE COLIC IN TEN MINUTES. 

Bleed freely at the horse's mouth, and take loz. 
of oil of juniper, loz. of laudanum, and 2ozs. of 
sweet spirits of nitre. Mix in a pint of gruel, and 
drench him with it. 

338. GARGLING OIL. 

Take of tanner's oil 1 quart, oil of vitriol 2oz., 
spirits of turpentine loz. Mix all together, leave 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 151 

the bottles open till it stops working, then it is 
ready for use. 

339. MERCHANT'S GARGLING OIL. 

Take of linseed oil 2J galls., spirits of turpen- 
tine 2J galls., western petroliuni 1 gall., liquor 
potass 8oz., sap green 1 oz., mix all together, and 
it is ready for use. 

340. PURGING BALLS. 

Take of aloes, 3oz. ; anise seed, 3oz. ; pulverise 
and mix with castile soap. This makes one ball 
for a horse. 

341. URINE BALLS. 

Take of white resin, Jib. ; castile soap, Jib. ; 
Venice turpentine, J pint ; mix well together ; 
make the balls the size of butternuts. Give the 
horse three the first day, two the second day, and 
one the third day. 

342. FOR THE HEAVES. 

Give the horse J drachm of nitric acid, in a pint 
h2 



152 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

of sweet milk. Repeat once in two days, once in 
three days, and once in four days. This receipt 
is highly prized, and is good ; but the best remedy 
for heaves is so simple that scarcely any one will 
try it ; it is to take fresh sumack tops, break two 
or three bunches of them up in the horse's feed, 
three times a day. This will actually cure the 
heaves unless, they are very bad. 

343. INFLAMMATION OF THE LUNGS. 

The symptoms of inflammation of the lungs in 
the horse is as follows : — it is usually ushered in 
by a shivering fit, the horse is cold all over, reac- 
tion soon takes place, the body becomes warmer, 
and the extremities extremely cold. The breath- 
ing is quick, he refuses to lie down. If when 
wearied out, he lies down, it is but for a moment. 

Treatment. — This may be commenced by a good 
bleeding, which is to be followed by a drachm of 
emetic tartar, and three drachms of nitre, every 
eight hours, rubbing the extremities, and giving 
bran-mashes ; throw warm blankets over the ani- 
mal, hanging down to the floor, and place vessels 
of hot water in which put hot stones or bricks, and 
sweat freely, also, give one scruple of opium, and 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 153 

two of calomel, twice a day. The sides of the 
chest may be thoroughly blistered. This is the 
proper treatment. 

344. STOMACH AND BOWELS. 

Inflammation of the stomach and bowels in the 
horse, resembles colic in its symptoms, except in 
colic the pains pass off at times, and return again, 
whereas in inflammation, the pain is constant, and 
the animal is never easy; after a time the eye 
acquires a wild, haggard, unnatural stare, and the 
pupil, or dark spot in the eye, dilates. 

Treatment. — Take away, at once, six or eight 
quarts of blood, and repeat the bleeding if the 
pain returns. Follow the bleeding by one scruple 
of opium, and two of calomel, twice a day ; also 
blister the sides of the chest ; give him bran mash 
and purging balls, (Receipt No. 340.) 

345. INFLAMMATION OF THE KIDNEYS. 

The principal symptoms of inflammation of the 
kidneys in the horse, is, pressure on the loins 
elicit symptoms of pain, the breathing is hurried, 
there is a constant desire to void urine, although 



154 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

passed in small quantities, highly coloured, and 
sometimes tinged with blood. Treatment : — this 
is blood-letting, active purging, mustard poultices 
as near the kidneys as possible, and the horse 
warmly clothed, &c, as in other inflammations. 

346. CONDITION POWDERS. 

Take of flax-seed meal 21bs., finygreek meal 
2 lbs., liver antimony Jib., and nitre Jib., mix well ; 
give a tablespoonful for three days and omit three 
days, &c. 

34T. FOR BONE SPAVIN. 

Take of cantharides 2oz. ; strong mercurial 
ointment 4oz. ; oil of turpentine 4oz. ; iodine 
3oz. ; mix all with a sufficiency of lard to make a 
thin ointment; apply to the spavin only once 
a-day until it bursts ; then oil it with sweet oil 
until healed. If the bunch is not then removed, 
apply it again, and again if necessary, which is 
seldom the case. 

348. TO MAKE A HORSE FOLLOW YOU. 

The horse is treated in the same manner as men- 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 155 

tioned in the receipt No. 305, always being careful 
to whip him on the hips. When he will follow you 
round the barn floor, then treat him in the same 
manner in a yard, and when he follows you here, 
he will any place. 

349. COLTS CHEWING HALTERS. 

Take scab from the wart on the inside of the 
leg, rub the halter thoroughly with it, and they will 
not be found chewing their halfcers very soon. 

350. HORSES JUMPING FENCES. 

Pass a small and strong cord around his body 
just behind his shoulders, and tie the halter to this 
cord between his forelegs, so as to leave the dis- 
tance about two feet from the cord to his head ; 
if then he attempts to jump, he is compelled to 
throw his head forward, which draws hard on the 
cord, and causes it to cut into his back, and he 
instantly desists. The cord should not be more 
than a quarter of an inch in diameter. 

350. BLAZE OR STAR. 

When we have a pair of horses that match well 



156 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

in every respect, except that one has a blaze or 
star in the face, it becomes very interesting and 
important to know how to make their faces match. 
Take a piece of oznaburgs the size you want the 
blaze or star ; spread it with warm pitch and apply 
it to the horses face ; let it remain two or three 
days, by which time it will bring off the hair 
clean, and make the part a little tender ; then take 
of elixor vitriol a small quantity, anoint the part 
two or three times; or, take of a very common 
weed called asmart, a small handful, bruise it, and 
add to it about a gill of water, use it as a wash until 
the face gets well, when the hair will grow out 
entirely white. 

351. BLACK SPOTS. 

To spot a white horse with black spots, take 
litharge 3 ozs. ; quick lime, 6 ozs. ; beat fine and 
mix together ; put it into a pan, and pour a sharp 
ley over it ; then boil it and you will have a fat 
substance swim on top, with which anoint the 
horse in such places as you design to have black, 
and it will turn to the colour immediately. 

352. INFLUENZA OR HORSE-AIL. 

The first symptom is debility. The horse ap- 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 157 

pears dumpish, refuses to eat, mouth hot, in six or 
twelve hours the appetite diminishes, legs and eye- 
lids swell. This disease may end in chronic cough, 
a bad discharge from the nose, and in inveterate 
cases in glanders. 

Treatment. — Keep the horse on light food, as 
mashes, scalded shorts, green grass, &c, and if he 
is very plethoric he should he half starved and 
bled from the mouth. If the throat is sore, rub it 
with warm vinegar and salt, or blister ; walk him 
a little for exercise, administer the following ; oil 
of croton, 5 drops ; nitrate of potassa, 4 to 6 
drachms ; potassio-tartrate of antimony, 1 drachm ; 
spirit of nitric ether, 4 drachms to 1 oz ; solution 
of acetate of ammonia 2 to 4 ozs. ; and warm wa- 
ter sufficient to make a draught ; and when the 
head is much affected, add a drachm of camphor. 
This draught may be administered once and some- 
times twice a day, the croton oil being omitted 
after the first dose ; after the first day, 2 drachms 
of powdered gentian may be added. 

353. STRANGLES OR HORSE DISTEMPER. 

Symptoms. — A discharge from the nostrils, with 
a swelling under the throat, a disinclination to eat. 
h3 



158 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

Thirst, but after a gulp or two the horse ceases 
to drink. In attempting to swallow, a convulsive 
cough comes on ; mouth hot and tongue coated 
with a white fur. The tumor under the jaw soon 
fills the whole space, and is evidently one uniform 
body, and may thus be distinguished from glan- 
ders or the enlarged glands of catarrh. 

Treatment. — Blister over the tumor at once ; 
when the glands remain hard and do not suppurate, 
it may lead to glanders, in which case rub it with 
iodine ointment, and give internally, hydriodate 
of potash in daily doses of 10 to 40 grains, com- 
bined with gentian and ginger. As soon as the 
swelling is fit, lance it freely and apply a linseed 
poultice ; give bran mashes, fresh grass, &c. 

354. STAGGERS. 

Symptoms, giddiness, he may fall down, or sud- 
denly turn several times round first ; he may be 
quiet, or struggle violently. 

Treatment. — If the horse be full and well fed, 
take 3 or 4 quarts of blood at once ; cease using 
him for a time, and give him an occasional physic 
ball of powdered aloes 6 drachms and a little 
h oney. 






OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 159 

355. GREEN OINTMENT. 

Take of lard, 6 lbs., put into a ten gallon ket- 
tle : add 2 gallons of water ; cut jimpson seeds 
and fill them in, and cook from 4 to 6 hours 
slowly, till all the water is gone ; then put into 
jars, and add to each pound of ointment one ounce 
of turpentine. Good for galls, cuts, scratches, &c. 

356. HOOF EVIL OR THRUSH GREASE 
HEELS. 

Bleed and physic, and poultice the feet with 
boiled turnips and some finely ground charcoal at 
night, for two or three nights; then wash the feet 
clean with castile soap and soft water, and apply 
the blue ointment every day ; keep the horse on a 
floor and he will be well in 12 days. 

357. BLUE OINTMENT. 

Take the ointment of rosin, 4 ozs ; finely 
ground verdigris, j- oz ; turpentine, 2 ozs ; mutton 
tallow, 2 lbs ; oil of origanum, j- oz ; tincture of 
iodine, \ oz. Mix all together. This is one of 
the best medicines that can be made for scratches, 



160 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

hoof-evil, and cuts, and is good to apply on fistula 
after the rowels have been taken out. It is as 
good for human as horse flesh. 

358. HOOF BOUND OR TENDER FEET. 

Never have the feet spread at the heels, nor 
rasped about the nail holes ; use the hoof liquid, 
and apply it according to directions. For hoof 
bound or tender feet, apply it all around the top 
of the hoof down one inch every day. First have 
a stiff shoe on the foot, and cleanse the cut or cork. 
Never cut or burn for it. 

359. HOOF LIQUID. 

Take of linseed or neatsfoot oil, J a pint ; tur- 
pentine, 4 ozs ; oil of tar, 6 ozs. ; origanum, 3 ozs ; 
mix and shake well together. 

360. HOOF ALE. 

Apply blue vitriol, and put on a tarred rag to 
keep out the dirt. 

361. BIO, OR MILK LEG. 

Apply the liquid blister every three hours until 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 161 

it blisters ; then in six hours grease with soft oil 
of any kind ; then in eight days wash the part 
clean, and apply it again. Repeat it three or four 
times, then use the iodine ointment. If this does 
not remove it all, apply the ringbone and spavin 
medicine, this will remove it all. 

362. IODINE OINTMENT. 

Get loz. of the grease iodine, put in 1 pint of 
alcohol ; let this stand in the sun two days, and 
you have the tincture of iodine. Take 2oz. of the 
tincture and Jib. of lard ; mix well, and you have 
the iodine ointment. 

363. SPRAIN IN THE STIFLE. 

Symptoms. — The horse holds up his foot, moans 
when moved, swells in the stifle. This is what is 
called stifling; there is no such thing as this joint 
getting out of place. Cure. — Bleed two gallons, 
foment the stifle with hot water, rub it dry, then 
bathe it ,well with the general liniment every 
morning and night, give him mash, and he will 
soon be well. Never allow any stifle-shoe or cord 
on the foot or leg. 



162 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

364. GENERAL LINIMENT. 

Take of turpentine, \ pint ; linseed oil, \ pint ; 
aqua-ammonia, 4oz. ; tincture of iodine, loz. ; 
shake all well together. This is used for different 
things spoken of in the different receipts, sores or 
swellings, sprains, &c. 

365. LIQUID BLISTER. 

Take of alcohol, 1 pint; turpentine, J pint; 
aqua-ammonia, 4oz. ; oil of origanum, loz. ; mix, 
apply this as spoken of, every three hours until 
it blisters. 

366. TO CURE CORNS. 

Take off the shoe, cut out the corns, and drop in 
a few drops of muriatic acid, then make the shoes 
so they will not bear on the part affected. Apply 
the hoof liquid to the hoof to remove the fever. 
This is a sure cure for corns in horses. 

367. WATER FARCY, OR DROPSY. 

This is a swelling along under the chest, and 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 163 

forward to the breast ; bleed, rowel in the breast 
and all along the swelling, six inches apart, apply 
the general liniment to the swelling, move the 
rowels every day, let them stay in until the swel- 
ling goes down. Give soft food, mashes, with the 
cleansing powder in them. 

368. CLEANSING POWDER. 

This is to be used when the blood is out of order. 
It is good to restore lost appetite, good for yellow 
water, whenever it is to be used it is spoken of in 
the receipts. Take of good ginger lib., powdered 
gentian 4oz., nitre loz., crude antimony |oz«, mix 
well together. Give one large spoonful every day 
in wet food. This is perfectly safe. 

369. POLL EVIL. 

Cure before it breaks, run a rowel or seaton from 
the lower part of the swelling to the top through 
the centre of the enlargement, then make the fol- 
lowing lotion. Take of sal-ammoniac 2 oz., spirits 
of turpentine J a pint, linseed oil 4oz., and spirits 
of tar 4oz., shake all well, and apply it all over 
the swelling every other day. Let the seaton stay 



164 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

in until all the swelling is gone down, move it 
every day, and when all is gone throw it out. 
Bleed when you first open it, and keep the part 
clean. 

370. GLANDERS. 

Bleed copiously, put a rowel or seaton of polk 
root between the jaw and breast, put tar thoroughly 
up the nostrils twice a day. This is the best remedy 
ever in use. 

371. FRESH WOUNDS. 

If there is an artery cut, tie it if possible ; if not 
possible, or if there is much bleeding without the 
separation of an artery, apply the following wash : 
nitrate of silver 4 grains, soft water loz., wet the 
wound with this, and then draw the edges together 
by stitches one inch apart, then wash clean, and if 
any swelling in twenty-four hours, bleed and apply 
the blue ointment, or any of the liniments spoken 
of. Keep the bowels open. 

372. THE LIVER. 
In disease of the liver or yellow water, give the 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 165 

following ball every morning until it operates 
upon the bowels. Take of aloes 7 drachms, 
calomel 1 drachm, ginger 4 drachms, and molasses 
enough to make it into a ball, wrap it in a paper 
and give it ; give scalded bran and oats, grass if it 
can be got ; when his bowels have moved, stop the 
physic, and give loz. spirits of camphor in half a 
pint of water, every morning, for twelve days, 
rowel in the brest, and give a few doses of cleans- 
ing powder. Turn him out. 

373. BALLS FOR WORMS IN HORSES. 

Take of barbadose aloes 6 drachms, powdered 
ginger ljoz., oil of wormwood 20 drops, powdered 
natron 2 drachms, and molasses to form a ball. 

374. BALLS FOR HIDE BOUND. 

Take of barbadose aloes loz., castile soap 9 
drachms, and ginger 8 drachms. Make into a ball. 

375. HEALING OINTMENT. 

Take of lard 5 parts, rosin 1 part, melt them 
together ; when they begin to get cool add two 



166 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

parts of calamine powder, stirring well till cool. If 
the wound is unhealthy add a little turpentine. 

376. GALLS ON HORSES. 

Bathe the parts affected with spirits saturated 
with alum. 

377. GRUBS IN HORSES. 

Take of red precipitate a teaspoonful, form into 
a ball, repeat if necessary in 30 minutes. 

378. STIFF SHOULDERS OR SWEENEY. 

Rowel from the top of the shoulder blade down as 
far as there is no pealing. First cut through the 
skin, and then two thin fibres or strippings, use the 
blunt needle, move it back and forwards five or six 
inches, draw in a tape or seaton, and the next 
morning wet it with tincture of cantharides, do this 
every other day, move them every day, wash the 
part clean, let the tape stay in until the matter 
changes to blood, this is for both diseases. Let 
him run out if possible. He will be well in six or 
eight weeks. If for sweeney you may work him all 
the time. 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 167 

379. SICK STOMACH IN HORSES. 

Bleed half a gallon, then if he will eat a mash 
give him one, give no hay, then give him Joz. of 
rhubarb every night until it moves his bowels, then 
take of gentian root 4oz., fenu-greek 2oz., nitre 
|oz., mix and give a large spoonful every day. 
Do not give him too much to eat when his appe- 
tite returns. 

380. LUNG FEVER. 

Bleed four gallons from the neck vein, and take 
loz. of aquanite, add to it half a gallon of cold 
water, drench him with a gill of it every three 
hours, blister him over the lungs, then give him 
water to drink that hay has been boiled in, and to 
each gallon of it add loz. of gum-arabic, and Joz. 
of spirits of nitre ; give this every four hours ; 
foment and rub the legs with alcohol and camphor, 
until they get warm ; do not move the horse. Keep 
him in open stall if hot weather. 

381. EYE WASH FOR HORSES. 

Take of sugar of lead, 2 drachms ; white vitriol, 



168 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

1 drachm ; and soft water, 1 quart ; mix and dis- 
solve ; wash the eyes out well every morning, hav- 
ing first washed them well with cold water, con- 
tinue this for three or four weeks ; and then, if the 
eyes are not much better, bleed and give a mild 
physic. The horse should be kept on low diet, 
and not over heated or worked too hard. Scalded 
shorts or oats are good. 

382. MANGE AND SURFEIT. 

Bleed and physic, then take sulphur, Jib. ; and 
lard, 21bs. ; mix well ; grease the part affected 
every three or four days ; stand the horse in the 
sun until all dries in ; give him a few doses of the 
cleansing powder. 

383. CONTRACTION OF THE NECK. 

If it is taken in the first stages, bleed from the 
neck, 2 galls. ; then ferment or bathe the part 
well with hot water ; rub it dry, and apply the 
general lineament every day, two or three times; 
this will cure if it is of long standing. Then blis- 
ter all along the part affected with the liquid 
blister. Do this every three weeks until he is 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 169 

well, and rub with the white ointment. Do not 
work the horse till well. 

384. WHITE OINTMENT. 

For rheumatism, sprains, burns, swellings, 
bruises, or any inflammation on man or beast, 
chapped hands or lips, black eyes, or any kind of 
bruises. Take of fresh butter, 21bs. ; tincture of 
iodine, Joz. ; oil of origanum, 2ozs. ; mix well for 
fifteen minutes, and it is fit for use ; apply it 
every night ; rub it in well with your hand. 

385. OLD HORSES YOUNG. 

Drops to make old horses as lively as young. 
Take the tincture of assafcetida, loz. ; tincture of 
cantharides, loz. ; oil of cloves, loz. ; oil of cin- 
namon, loz. ; antimony, 2oz. ; fenugreek, loz. ; 
and fourth proof brandy, J gal. ; mix all and let 
stand ten or twelve days ; then give ten drops in 
a pail, or one gallon, of water. 

386. RHEUMATIC LINEAMENT. 

Take of alcohol, J- pint ; oil of origanum, Joz. ; 



170 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

cayenne pepper, |oz. ; gum myrrh, Joz. ; and 
lobelia, 1 teaspoonful ; mix and let stand one 
day ; then bathe the part affected. 

387. TO KILL LICE ON CATTLE. 

Take of buttermilk, 1 quart ; salt, J pint ; mix 
and dissolve ; pour this along the back, letting it 
run down each side ; if this should ever fail use 
the water in which potatoes have been boiled, in 
the same way, it will be effectual. 

388. HORSES FROM FIRE. 

The difficulty of getting horses from burning 
stables is well known. The remedy is to blindfold 
them perfectly, and by gentle usage, they may 
be easily led out. If you like you may also throw 
the harness upon them. 

389. SNOW BALLS. 

To prevent snow balls on horses' feet clean their 
hoofs well, and rub with soft soap before going out 
in the snow. 

390. ROT IN SHEEP. 

To prevent and cure this keep them from 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 171 

exposure in bad weather, and above all from wet 
pasture ; pair their hoofs into the quick, and put 
them to stand occasionally in quick lime for a few 
hours. This cauterizes the disease and generally 
affects a cure. To destroy the flukes and worms, 
give the following: take of common salt 8oz., 
spirits of turpentine 2oz. ; put in a quart bottle 
and add water till filled ; give one teaspoonful 
morning and night for eight days. 

391. DISTEMPER IN HOGS. 

To cure this take equal parts of sulphur and 
copperas ; pulverise them well together, and give 
one teaspoonful every three days in the slop. 

392. CURE FOR SWELLED CATTLE. 

If the beast affected is full grown, administer 
one English pint of train oil, and smaller doses in 
proportion to the age. The cure is certain. The 
above medicines from receipt No. 331 are for 
horses, cattle, &c. 

393. A TURKISH PREPARATION EOR 
LADIES. 

Take of best white wine vinegar 1 quart ; of 



172 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

best brazil wood Jib. Infuse together for four 
days ; then boil for half an hour, strain through a 
linen cloth, and place the liquid again over the 
fire. Having now dissolved Jib. of alum in a 
pint of white wine vinegar, mix both liquids to- 
gether and stir them well. Take the scum that 
arises on the surface, gradually dry and powder it, 
and it is ready for use. 

"394. MINCE PIE. 

This is the manner in which mince pie was 
prepared for the Prince of Wales in New York. 
The articles of the three following receipts were 
also prepared for him in that city : take of moist 
sugar lib , currants lib., suet well mashed 1 lb., 
apples cut very fine lib., best raisins, stoned and 
cut very small Jib., the juice of five Seville oranges, 
the juice of two lemons, the rind of on mashed 
fine, a glass of brandy, and mace and nutmeg to 
suit your taste. Put all together in a pan and 
tie up closely. 

395 HONEY CAKE. 

Take of loaf sugar Jib., honey jib., of orange- 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS, 173 

peel cut very fine Joz., of cinnamon Joz., ginger 
Joz., one quarter of a citron, four eggs well beaten, 
and a pound of sifted flour. First melt the honey 
and sugar together, then mix all. Make it into 
any shape you please. 

396. SODA BISCUITS. 

Take of butter _:z., sugar 4oz., cream tarter Joz., 
two eggs ; one teaspoonful of soda, and a half pint 
of sweet milk. Stir quite stiff, &c. 

397. BEEF STAKE. 

Put two large onions, peeled and sliced, into a 
stew-pan, put in a little water, cover closely, set on 
a slow fire until the water is all gone, then add J a 
pint of good broth, and boil till the onions are 
tender, now strain off the broth, chop the onions 
fine, and season to your taste with mushroom cat- 
sup., salt and pepper, let it boil for five minutes, with 
the onion in it, then pour it into the dish, and lay 
a broiled stake over it, Good beef gravy is far 
superior to broth. In broiling your stake use a 
strong fire. 
I 



174 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

398. WEDDING CAKE. 

Take of flour, 181bs. ; fine sugar, lOlbs. ; butter, 
91bs. ; 11 nutmegs ; 18 eggs ; milk, 5 quarts ; 
yeast, 1 quart ; fruit, lOlbs. ; mace, loz. ; wine, 
1 quart ; and brandy, 1 pint. Roll the butter and 
sugar together, then mix all the rest with them, 
putting the fruit in last, just before it is put in 
the oven. 

399. DOMESTIC YEAST. 

Take of good flour, lib. ; brown sugar, Jib. ; 
water, 2 galls. ; and a little salt. Boil all together 
for one hour. When milk warm, bottle and cork 
it tightly. It will be" fit for use in 24 hours. One 
pint of this is sufficient for 181bs. of bread. 

400. TO PRODUCE MUSHROOMS. 

If the water wherein mushrooms have been 
steeped be poured upon an old bed, or if the 
broken parts of mushrooms be strewed thereon, 
there will speedily arise great numbers. 

401. TO MAKE CIDER INTO WINE. 

Take of good cider, 25 galls. ; brandy, 1 gall. ; 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 175 

crude tartar, 1 lb. ; of the wine you wish to resem- 
ble, 5 galls. ; of milk to settle it, 1 pint. Mix all 
together, and let it stand for 24 hours, and then 
draw off, being careful not to draw any of the 
sediment. 

402. SUBSTITUTE FOR CREAM. 



up in a basin ; then pour boiling hot tea oyer 
them ; pour it gradually to prevent curdling. It 
is difficult from the taste to distinguish it from 
rich cream. 

403. TO PRESERVE FRESH MEATS. 

Meat may be kept several days in the height of 
summer sweet and good by lightly covering it 
with bran, and hanging it in some high, or windy 
room, or in a passage where there is a current of 
air. 

404. GRAFTING WAX. 

Take of tallow one part, beeswax two parts, 
and resin four parts ; melt them together and dip 



176 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

strips of rags in the mixture while hot, and use 
them for grafting purposes. 

405. FOR THE TEETH. 

Cuvileer's grand preparation for beautifying the 
teeth. Take of chloride of lime one part, pre- 
pared chalk 15 parts, pulverised peruvian bark 
\ a part, and a little otto of rosea ; mix all well 
together and it ifl ready for use. 

406. TO MAKE HAIR CURL. 

Take of common soap 21bs., spirits of wine 3 
pints, and potash 3 oz. ; cut the soap small and 
melt all together, stirring it with a clean piece of 
wood ; then add a quarter of an ounce each of 
essence of amber, vanilla and nevoli, to render 
the fluid agreeable. Never use curling irons, for 
they destroy the hair, rendering it crisp and harsh. 
The above may be depended on as being genuine 
and harmless. 

407. TO PRESERVE PORK. 

Take lib. of black pepper and grind it fine for 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 177 

one barrel of pork, and sprinkle on each layer 
until it; is quite brown, then put on the salt. It 
helps to preserve the meat and adds greatly to the 
smell and flavour of it. 

408. TO RESTORE TAINTED PORK. 

In warm weather the brine on pork frequently 
becomes sour, and the pork tainted ; pour off the 
brine, boil it, skim it well, then pour it back again 
upon the meat boiling hot. This will restore it 
even where it was much injured. 

409. FIRE-PROOF CEMENT. 

Fire and water proof cement for roofs of houses. 
Slack stone lime with boiling water in a covered 
barrel ; when slacked pass six quarts through a fine 
sieve ; to this add one quart of rock salt, and a 
gallon of water, boil the mixture and skim it 
clean ; to every 5 gallons of this add lib. of alum, 
and -|lb, copperas, and add by degrees, potash 
fib., and fine sand or wood ashes sifted 4 quarts ; 
colour to suit your taste and apply. It will be as 
durable as stone. 



178 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

410. BUG POISON. 

Take of spirits of wine J pint, turpentine J pint, 
crude sal-ammoniac loz., corrosive sublimate loz., 
and gum camphor loz ; mix all together and let it 
saturate for seven days, and it is ready for use. 

411. DISINFECTING AGENT. 

Take of green vitriol 31bs., hot water one pail- 
ful ; dissolve the vitriol in the water : place this 
wherever there is any offensive odours, as that of a 
corpse, cesspools, privies, &c. and in a short time 
all smell will be removed. Try it. 

412. BOOTH'S PATENT. 

Booth's patent grease for railway axles, wag- 
gons, machinery, &c. Take of water 1 gallon, 
clean talllow 31bs., palm oil Gibs., and common 
soda Jib. ; or tallow 81bs., and palm oil lOlbs. 
The mixture is to be heated to about 210° F., and 
well stirred till it cools down to about 70°, when it 
is ready for use. 

413. GUM-ARABIC STARCH. 

Take 2oz. of fine white gum-arabic powdered 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 179 

finely ; put it into a pitcher and pour on it a pint 
of boiling water ; then coyer it and let stand all 
night ; in the morning pour it carefully from the 
dregs into a clean bottle ; cork and keep it for use. 
A tablespoonful of this gum water stirred into a 
pint of starch that has been made in the usual 
manner will give to launs either black, white, or 
printed, the appearance of new, to which nothing 
else can restore them after washing. It is a good 
article for collars and shirt bosoms ; also, when 
much diluted, for thin white muslin and bobbinet. 

414. ROMAX OR MASTIC CEMENT. 

Take of pulverised sand stone sifted fine, 201bs., 
litharge 21bs., mix both well with linseed oil to the 
consistency of paste ; brush both broken parts 
over ; press them snugly together, and let them 
dry, this forms an excellent cement. 

415. PORTABLE BALLS. 

For taking stains out of cloths, &c. — Dry fullers' 
earth so as to crumble ic into powder, and moisten 
it well with lemon juice ; add a quantity of pure 
pulverised pearl-ash, and work the whole up into a 



180 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

thick paste with a little water ; roll it into small 
balls ; let them completely dry in the sun, and 
they will be fit for use. The manner of using 
them is to moisten, with water, the spots on the 
cloth, rubbing the ball over, and leaving it to dry 
in the sun. On washing the spots in rain water 
they will immediately disappear. 

416. CLOTH, RAIN PROOF, &c. 

To render cloth wind ?nd rain proof. Boil 
together 21bs. of turpentine, lib. of litharge in 
powder, and 2 or 3 pinis of linseed oil. The 
article is then to be brushed over with this varnish, 
and dried in the sun. 

417. CHOICE CEMENT. 

A choice cement for china, crockery, and glass. 
Take of white glue Jib., dry white lead Jib. alco- 
hol \ pint, and rain water 1 quart ; put the glue, 
alcohol, and water into a tin pan together ; let 
stand until the glue is soft ; then set the pan into a 
kettle of hot water, occasionally stirring it until 
the glue is about dissolved ; then add the lead, 
being previously powdered, and stir until it is 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 181 

about dissolved. Bottle while warm, and it is 
ready for use. If cold when about to be used, set 
the bottle in warm water until soft ; then apply 
while soft to both edges, set together and let 
them dry. 

418. MAHOGANY STAIN. 

Take of chip logwood lib., sal-soda two pence 
worth, water 1 gallon, boil all together, apply it 
while hot, to every kind of white wood, using a 
brush or sponge, and it will produce a most beau- 
tiful mahogany colour. 

419. MAHOGANY COLOUR. 

Method of darkening every sort of wood. Take 
soap suds, wash your wood with it ; every coat you 
put on will make it a shade darker. 

420. SATIN WOOD STAIN. 

Take of water 1 quart, fustic 2oz., and the 

size of a small nut of alum ; boil all together, 

apply it while hot, and it will produce a most 

beautiful yellow. When the article to which this 
i3 



182 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

has been applied has got perfectly dry, rub it over 
with lirae water, and it will make a beautiful red. 

421. RED STAIN. 

Take of water 1 quart, brazil dust 2oz., and the 
size of a nut of alum ; boil together, apply while 
hot and the stain is red ; when dry, wabh it over 
with lime water, and it will be a beautiful purple. 

422. BROWN STAIN. 

Take of water 1 quart, logwood 2oz., and one 
penny worth of soft soap, (such as is kept in blad- 
ders, by druggists), boil them together, apply while 
hot, and it will be brown ; let it dry, and apply 
lim^ water, and you will have a beautiful black. 

423. SCARLET STAIN. 

Take a solution of aqua-fortis in water, apply it 
to the black, and it will produce a beautiful scarlet. 

424. BRUSH YARNISH. 

Take of spirits of wine 1 pint, gum b^iuion half 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 183 

a pound ; dissolve the gum in the spirits. It may 
be laid on with a camel hair brush, or a small piece 
of wool rolled in old cotten. 

425. TO BORE GLASS. 

Fill a vial with turpentine spirits, dissolve in it 
as much camphor as it will take, insert then into 
this liquid the point of a common diamond-pointed 
drill, and with ic you can bore glass as fast as you 
please. 

426. GERMAN SILVER. 

Take of nickle 25 parts, zinc 25 parts, copper 
50 parts, melt ail together, and you have good 
German silver. 

42T. BRASS. 

Brass is made by melting together a little less 
than two parts of copper, and one part of zinc. 

428. CHEMICAL SOAP. 

This is for washing cloths with one-half the 



184 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

labour of that with common bar soap. Take 161bs. 
English bar white soap, 3Jlbs. sal-soda, lib. pul- 
verized rosin, 8oz. salt ; put these into 5 gallons 
soft water over a fire until dissolved ; then put the 
same into a barrel, and fill it with cold soft water, 
after which add 2oz. spirits of turpentine, and stir 
while cooling. 

429. ENGLISH BAR SOAP. 

Take of water 6 gallons, good stone lime 3 lbs., 
sal-soda 201bs., borax 4oz., fat 151bs., (tallow 
is best,) pulverized rosin lOlbs., and 4oz. of 
beeswax ; put the water in a kettle on the fire, and 
when nearly boiling, add the lime and sal-soda ; 
when these are dissolved, add the borax, boil gently 
and stir until this is also dissolved, then add the 
fat, rosin and beeswax, and boil all very gently 
until it shows flaky on the stick, then pour into 
moulds. 

430. BROWN WINDSOR SOAP. 

This is made by colouring the English bar soap 
with the precipitate of iron, Venetian red, or 
Vandyke brown, and scenting, while not too hot, 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 185 

with any of the essential oils, or a mixture of 
them according to fancy. 

431. YELLOW SOAP. 

This is made in the same way as the English bar 
soap, except that you add three per cent, of palm 
oil, deducting the same amount of fat. 

432. SOLID LARD CANDLES. 

Dissolve Jib. of alum, and Jib. of saltpetre in J 
a pint of water on a slow fire ; then take 31bs. of 
lard cut into small pieces, and put into the pot 
with this solution, stirring it constantly over a very 
moderate fire until the lard is all dissolved ; then 
let it simmer until all steam ceases to rise, and 
then at once remove it from the fire. If you 
leave it too long it will become discoloured. These 
candles are harder and better than tallow. 

433. MEDICINES. 

The following medicines are for man, while those 
commencing at receipt No. 331, and ending at No 



186 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

392 are for horses, cattle, &c, unless when stated 
to the contrary : 

434. FOR DROPSY. 

Take of powdered jalap 5 gi\, powdered rhu- 
barb 5 gr., powdered scammony 5 gr., powdered 
elaterium J- gr., bitartrate of potash J drm., sul- 
phate of potash, J drm., and syrup of ginger 
sufficient to make into pills ; mix and divide into 
five pills. These five pills given at once form an 
excellent hydragogue cathartic to clear the chest, 
relieve breathing, and diminish the dropsical effu- 



435. ANTIBILIOUS TILLS. 

Take of calomel 20 grs., jalap powder 20 gr3., 
tartar-emetic 2 grs., and syrum sufficient to form 
into pills ; divide into eight pills. The dose is two 
at bed time ; repeated in the morning if necessary. 
This forms an excellent antibilious pill. 

436, JAUNDICE. 

Take of rhubarb powder 1 scruple, castile soap 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 187 

half a drachm, calomel 12 grs., mix and divide into 
pills ; two or. three to be taken at bed-time ; eme- 
tics, purges, fomentations about the stomach and 
liver, and exercise will seldom fail to cure jaun- 
dice when it is a simple disease; and when com- 
plicated with -dropsy, a scirrous liver, or other 
chronic complaints, it is hardly to be cured by any 
means Castile soap has been looked upon as a 
kind of specific. 

437. ASTHMA. 

Take of powdered squills 2 drms., powdered 
assafoetida 1 drachm, mix and divide into 30 pills, 
two to be taken twice or thrice a-day. Useful in 
chronic asthma. 

438. DR. DEWEES' ANTI-COLIC MIXTURE. 

Take of carbonate of magnesia J drm., tincture 
of assafoetida 60 drops, tinctui a of opium 20 drops, 
white sugar 1 drm., and distilled water loz. ; mix 
and shake; twenty-five drops to be given to an 
infant of two to four weeks old, in flatulent colic, 
diarrhoea, &c. 



188 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

439. DR. HUN'S ANTI-DIARRHCEAL 
MIXTURE. 

Take of oil of cajeput loz., oil of cloves loz., 
oil of peppermint loz,, oil of anise loz., alcohol 
4oz. ; mix and shake ; dose, from one to two 
drachms in hot brandy and water or syrup. This 
will afford the most speedy relief in diarrhoea 
accompanied with pain. 

440. HOPE'S MIXTURE. 

Take of camphor water 4oz., nitric acid 4 drops, 
tine, of opium 40 to 60 drops ; mix, cork, and 
shake : dose, a tablespoonful every two hours in 
diarrhoea and dysentery. 

441. ANTI-CHOLERA MIXTURE. 

Take of tine, of opium 1 drm., liq ior ammonia \ 
drm., tine, of the oil of peppermint \ drm., ether 
25 drops, tine, of camphor 1 drm, tine, of capsicum, 
1 drachm ; mix, cork, and shake. In real cholera 
give this all immediately ; if the patient throws it 
up, repeat at once. This is an excellent prescrip- 
tion in extreme cases when the patient is cramp I. 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 189 

442. FOR HYSTERIC FITS. 

Take of tine, assafoetida 2 drms., aromatic 
spirits of ammonia 2 drms., camphor water 7ozs., 
mix and cork ; give two tablespoonsful every three 
or four hours. 

443. ANTI-ASTHMATIC MIXTURE. 

Take of mixture of ammoniacum 4oz., syrup of 
squill 3 drms., antimonial wine 60 drops, wine 
Joz., mix and cork. Give two tablespoonsful often, 
or when either the cough or shortness of breath is 
troublesome. 

444. ANTI-RHEUMATIC MIXTURE. 

Take of ammoniated tine, of guack |oz., honey 
Joz., camphor water 6oz., mix and cork. Take 
two tablespoonsful three or four times a-day in 
chronic rheumatism ; rub well the affected part 
with anti-rheumatic liniment. 

445. ANTI-RHEUMATIC LINIMENT. 

Take of tine, of opium 2oz., tine of belladonna 



190 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

2oz., powdered camphor 2oz., water of ammonia 
2oz., oil of turpentine 2oz., oil of sassafras 2oz., 
oil of origanum 2oz., and tine, of capsicum 1 pint ; 
mix all together. 

446. DIURETIC MIXTURE. 

Take of peppermint water 5oz,, wine 6 drachms, 
sweet spirits of nitre Joz., syrup of ginger ljoz. ; 
mix. Two tablespoonsful to be taken three times 
a-day in obstruction of urinary passages. 

44T. SWEATING MIXTURE. 

Take of acetated liquor of ammonia 3oz., ipe- 
cacuanha 10 gr., tincture of oil of peppermint 
15 drops, distilled water 5oz. ; mix. Three table- 
spoonsful to be taken every two hours, until it 
produces the desired effects. 

448. FOR CRAMP IN THE STOMACH. 

Take of ether 2 drms, white sugar 1J drms, 
powdered acacia 1 J drms., tine, of opium 60 drops, 
cinnamon water 2ozs. ; mix. Give a teaspoonful 
every hour in cramp of the stomach. 



Or SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 191 

449. FOR HOOPING- COUGH. 

Take of tine, of assafoetida 1 drm, ipecacuanha 
10 gr., tine, of opium 10 drops, distilled water 
2ozs. ; mix. Give to a child two years old a tea- 
spoonful every four hours, increasing ten drops for 
every additional year. 

550. FOR WINTER COUGH, &c. 

Take of powered extract of liquorice 2 drms, 
gum acacia 2 drms, hot water 4oz. ; mix. Let all 
dissolve, and add tine, of opium 40 drops, spirits 
of nitric ether 1 drm., wine of antimony 2 drms. 
Dose, one tablespoonful in catarrh and common 
winter cough. 

451. TONIC MIXTURE. 

Take of calomba 2 ozs., tine, of muriate of iron 
1J oz., sulphate of quinine 20 grs., brandy 6 ozs., 
water 1J pint, bruise the calumba and pour the 
water on it boilirig hot, cover tightly for two hours, 
then strain, bottle, and add all the other ingredi- 
ents, when the quinine is dissolved it is ready for 
use. This forms an excellent tonic in cases of 



192 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

debility. Dose, one tablespoonful three times 
a-day half an hour before meals. 

452. ANTI-PERIODIC MIXTURE. 

Take of sulphate of quinine 20 grs., sulphuric 
acid 1 drop, white sugar 1 drm., cinnamon water 
2|oz. ; put the quinine, acid, and water into a vial 
together, when dissolved add the sugar. Dose, a 
teaspoonful every hour, between the paroxysms ot 
intermittent fevers, fever and ague, &c. 

453. EMMENAGOGUE MIXTURE. 

Take of tine, of aloe3 |oz., tine, of chloride of 
iron \ drm., tine, of valerian Joz. ; mix. Take a 
teasponful in chamomile tea two or three times 
a-day in cases of amenorrhoea. 

454. ANTI-GOUT MIXTURE. 

Take of ammoniated tine, of guaiac 6 drms., 
camphor water 6ozs., tine, of rhubarb Joz., and 
honey Joz. ; mix, by rubbing the honey and the 
guaiac up in a glass mortar, and then add the other 
articles by degrees. Give two tablespoonsful every 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 193 

four or six hours, and rub with the anti-rheumatic 
liniment. 

455. ANTI-GONORRH(EAL MIXTURE. 

Take of copaibe Joz., spirits of nitric ether |oz., 
powdered acacia 1 drm., powdered white sugar 1 
drm., compound spts. of lavender 2 drms., tine, of 
opium 1 drm., distilled water 4oz. ; mix. Dose, a 
tablespoonful three times a-day. Shake before 
using. 

456. ANOTHER. 

Take of copaibe loz., sweet spirits of nitre loz., 
gum acacia powdered 2 drms., powdered white 
sugar 1 drm,, peppermint water 4oz. ; mix, and let 
all dissolve. Dose, a tablespoonful three times 
a-day. Shake before using. 

457. ASTRINGENT EYE-WATER. 

Take of solution of acetate of lead 12 drops, 
wine of opium 11 drops, rose water 4ozs. ; mix, 
and let dissolve. This should be applied with a 
linen rag four or five times a-day. 



194 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

458. EYE-WATER. 

Take of distilled vinegar loz., diluted spirits of 
wine Joz., rose water 8ozs. ; mix. An excellent 
application to weak eyes after depletion. 

459. ALUM EYE-WATER. 

Take of rose-water 2ozs., distilled water 2oz., 
and alum 1 scruple ; mix, and let dissolve. Excel- 
lent in chronic inflamationa. 

460. GARGLE OF BORAX, &c. 

Take of borax 1 drm., tine, of myrrh Joz., clari- 
fied honey 1 oz., rose or distilled water, 4ozs. ; 
mix. To be used as a gargle or mouth-wash in 
sore mouth or affections of the gums. Omit the 
myrrh and water, and there is nothing better for 
the thrush in children ; clean rain water answers 
about the same purpose, in all cases, as distilled 
water. 

461. GARGLE FOR SORE THROAT. 

Take of sulphate of quinine 15 grains, sulphate 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 195 

of copper 16 grains, aramotic sulphuric acid 1 
drm., water 8ozs. ; mix and dissolve. To be 
used frequently in chronic and obstinate sore 
throats. 

462. OINTMENT FOR PILES. 

Take of lard 1 oz., solution of subacetate of 
lead 25 drops, tine, of opium 1 drm. ; mix well. 
Anoint the parts twice a-day. 

163. OINTMENT FOR ITCH. 

Take of sublimed sulphur 2 ozs., lard 4 ozs., 
oil of lavender 1 drm. Make into an ointment. 
To be rubbed on the parts affected every night, 
till the eruption disappears. The internal use of 
sulphur will, in all cases, assist its external appli- 
cation. 

464. BLISTERING OINTMENT. 

Take of lard 32 parts, oil of almonds 2 parts, 
strong liquor of ammonia 17 parts ; melt the lard, 
add the oil, then the ammonia, which must be 
strong, and keep the contents of the bottle well 



196 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

mixed by shaking them until cold. This will 
blister in half an hour. 

465. IODINE OINTMENT. 

Take of iodine 3 grs., lard 2 drms. ; make into 
an ointment ; applied to scrofulous swellings when 
the skin is unbroken. It is the only cure for what 
is popularly termed thick neck. 

466. OINTMENT OF IODIDE OF ZINC. 

Take of iodide of zinc 1 drm., lard loz. ; make 
into an ointment. A drm. to be rubbed on twice 
a-day in tumors. 

467. OINTMENT FOR CHILBLAINS. 

Take of lard 7 J drms., creosote 10 drops, solu- 
tion of subacetate of lead 10 drops ; watery ex- 
tract of opium 1 grain ; mix. Apply to the 
affected parts. 

468. OINTMENT FOR DISEASES OF THE 
SKIN. 

Take of citrine ointment 1J drm., sublimed 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 197 

sulphur 1 drin., lard 3 ozs. ; make an ointment. 
This is a good application for almost all affections 
of the skin. 

469. EMOLLIENT OINTMENT. 

Take of palm oil 21bs., olive oil 1 pint, turpen- 
tine 4oz., red beeswax 6ozs. ; melt the wax in the 
oils, and then add the turpentine and strain the 
ointment. This is a most excellent application for 
inflamed parts, &c. 

470. POKE ROOT OINTMENT. 

Take of poke root 3ozs., lard 1 lb., boil for a 
quarter of an hour and strain. This ointment has 
quite a reputation in Virginia, with the old ladies, 
for all kinds of old sores and ulcers, and it is an 
excellent application to indolent and purulent 
ulcers and sores. 

471. OINTMENT FOR HYDROCEPHALUS. 

Take of iodide of mercury 2 parts, iodide of 
potassium 3 parts, camphor 2 parts, lard 32 parts ; 
mix and keep well corked. To be rubbed on the 



198 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

head in hydrocephalus or water on the brain in 
doses of half a drachm to a drachm. 

472. LINAMENT FOR BURNS. 

Take of olive oil loz., linseed oil loz., lime 
water loz. ; mix well. This forms an excellent 
application for recent scalds and burns. 

473. VOLATILE LINAMENT. 

Take of olive oil loz., aqua ammonia loz. ; mix. 
To be applied to bruises, rheumatic parts, &c, and 
to the neck in inflammation of the throat. 

474. ALKALINE CATAPLASM. 

Take of lye, rather weak, warm it and stir in 
of slippery-elm bark or flaxseed, or meal sufficient 
to form a poultice. 

This is a most excellent poultice, and should be 
used more than it is. It is useful in inflammation 
of the breast and other parts, felons, wounds, 
fistula, &c. 

475. ANODYNE FOMENTATION. 
Take of laudanum 4ozs., water 1 pint; mix. 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 199 

For painful affections of the joints, as chronic 
rheumatism, &c 3 hops dipped in hot vinegar will 
answer as well. 

476. COMMON CLYSTER, 

Take of flaxseed tea or cornmeal gruel, from 
one to two pints, sweet oil 2 or 3 ounces, common 
salt one teaspoonful, brown sugar two tablespoons- 
ful : mix. 

477. ANODYNE CLYSTER. 

Take of a solution of starch in water, of jelly, 
or water half a pint, laudanum forty drops ; mix. 
The whole to be injected in cases of dysentery, 
violent purging and pain in the bowels. 

478. INJECTION FOR LEUCORRHCEA. 

Take of sulphate of zinc lOgrs., tine of opium 
J drm, rose water 4oz. ; mix and dissolve. To be 
injected several times a-day. 

479. ANOTHER. 

Take of alum 10 grs., rose water 4oz. ; mix and 

dissolve. To be used frequently. 
k2 



200 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

480. ESSENCE OF BEEF. 

Take of lean beef sliced lib., put it into a 
bottle or jar closely corked; place this in a vessel 
of cold water and boil for an hour or more ; then 
decant and skim the liquid. Chicken tea may be 
made in the same way. Far more nourishing and 
palatable tlian beef tea, season it to suit the taste. 

481. IMPERIAL DRINK. 

Take of cream of tartar one drm., the outer 
rind of fresh lemon or orange peel half a drm., 
loaf sugar one ounce, boiling water two pints. 
When they have stood in a pitcher about ten 
minutes, strain off the liquor. This makes a beau- 
tiful cooling drink, and is an excellent article in 
fevers. 

482. RINGWORM LOTION. 

Take of sublimate of mercury, 5 grains ; spirits 
of wine, 2oz. ; tine, of musk, 1 drachm ; rose water, 
6oz. ; mix well, and rub well in. 

483. WHISKERS AND MOUSTACHES. 

The best method of promoting the growth of 



OF SCIENTIFIC 3ECREI5. 201 

whiskers and moustaches, is to shave the parts 
frequently, and use as a stimulent the ashes of 
burned tobacco macerated in bay water. 

484. COUGH SYRUP. 

Take of hoarhound, 1 quart ; water, 1 quart ; 
mix and boil down to a pint ; then add two or 
three sticks of liquorice and a tablespoonful of 
essence of lemon ; dose, a tablespoonful three 
time3 a day, or as often as the cough is troublesome. 

485. BLACK SALVE. 

Take of sweet oil, loz. ; linseed oil, loz. ; pul- 
verized red lead, 1 oz. ; put all into an iron dish 
over a moderate fire, constantly stirring until you 
can draw your finger over a drop of it on a board, 
when a little cool, without sticking ; when it is 
done, spread on a cloth and apply as other salves. 

486. SEIDLITZ POWDERS. 

Take of rochelle salts, 2 drachms ; bicarbonate 
of soda, 2 scruples ; put these into a blue paper, 
and put 35 grains of tartaric acid into a white 



202 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

paper. To use, put each into different tumbles, 
half fill each with water, and put a little loaf 
sugar, in with the acid, then pour them together 
and drink ; this makes a very pleasant cathartic. 
Effervescing draught is made by leaving out the 
rochelle salts. 

487. CAMPHOR ICE. 

Take of spermaceti, ljoz. ; gum camphor, 
|oz. ; oil of sweet almonds, 4 teaspoonsful ; mix, 
and apply heat just enough to melt all together. 
Whilst warm, pour into small moulds, then paper, 
and put up in tin-foil. This, for chaps on hands 
or lips, cannot be equalled. 

488. FOR SALT RHEUM. 

Take a quantity of the pokewccd, any time in 
summer, pound it, press out the juice, strain it 
into a pewter dish, and set it in the sun until it 
acquires the consistency of salve ; then put it into 
an earthen mug, add to it water and beeswax suffi- 
cient to make an ointment of common consistency. 
Simmer the whole over a fire till thoroughly 
mixed : when cold, it is ready for use. To be 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 203 

rubbed on the part affected. The most obstinate 
cases have yielded to this in three or four months. 
Try it. 

489. ARTIFICIAL SKIN. 

Dissolve gun cotton in sulphuric ether, and 
thicken it with gum mucilage. This article touched 
upon a cut or bruise, forms, immediately, an arti- 
ficial skin, which cannot be washed off. It is very 
useful as it obviates the necessity of finger cots or 
bandages. It is excellent for sore nipples. 

490. HAIR RESTORATIVE. 

Take of sugar of lead, loz. ; lack sulphur, loz. ; 
essence of bergamot, Joz. ; bay rum, 1 gill ; alco- 
hol, 1 gill ; and half a teaspoonful of salt ; dis- 
solve, first, the sugar of lead #nd sulphur in the 
alcohol, then the other ingredients ; and add the 
whole to a gallon of warm soft water, then bottle 
it tightly, and it is fit for use. To be applied 
several times a day. This is a most excellent arti- 
cle, give it a trial. 

491. TO REMOVE WARTS AND CORNS. 
This is very often done by means of nitrate of 



204 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

silver, or some of the mineral acids ; but the best 
caustic for this purpose is that recommended for 
cancer in the skin. 

492. CANCER IN THE SKIN. 

No one but an impostor will presume to cure a 
true cancer, containing the cancer cell, and situated 
in the muscles. Many times hard tumors, not con- 
taining the cancer cell, are called cancers, and are 
removed by different methods, which is very easily 
accomplished, without a danger of their returning; 
by which means base quacks become lauded by the 
illiterate, for their superior skill in banishing this 
dreadful malady, and thereby rob the fatherless 
and motherless, the widow and the orphan, and 
finally, in consequence thereof, plunge themselves 
headlong over yonder precipice of eternal misery. 
Cancers which are situated in the skin, and are 
sometimes called spider cancers, &c, may be 
cured by the following caustic : take of sulphate 
of iron, 1 part ; sulphate of zinc, 1 part ; and 
acetate of lead, 1 part ; pulverize each separately, 
as fine as possible, and mix well together ; then, 
by means of a probe or knitting-needle, touch the 
cancer with it every morning for three or four 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 205 

times, and you will be able to draw it all out : 
after which apply adhesive straps that it may heal. 
It is used in the same way to destroy corns and 
warts. In the case of cancer, physic well before 
applying it. 

493. FOR WORMS. 

Give a child one year old 15 drops of spirits of 
turpentine on sugar, fasting, for three mornings in 
succession ; follow the last dose with a good dose 
of castor oil ; this forms an excellent vermifuge. 
The dose of spirits of turpentine for a child two 
years old is 20 drops, three years old 25 drops, 
four years old 30 drops, &c. 

494. SPASMODIC CROUP. 

Genuine croup is indeed of very rare occurrence, 

and is a fearfully dangerous disease, the only 

chances are to call in a physician at once. In 

genuine croup, the child seems to have a cold 

and is hoarse for a few days previous to the 

attack ; but the fit generally comes on suddenly 

in spasmodic croup, which may be treated as 

follows. During the fit put the child in a warm 
3k 



206 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

bath, apply hot water to the throat, allow fresh 
air, and sprinkle the face and chest with cold 
water. 

495. FOR FLATULENCY. 

Make a tea of the seeds of anise, caraway, and 
coriander, and drink freely of it. 

496. FOR HICCOUGH. 

Take five drops of oil of anise on sugar when 
*they commence to be troublesome. 

497. FOR HEARTBURN. 

This is a very disagreeable sensation, but may 
be banished by taking a teaspoonful of carbonate 
of soda dissolved in half a tumbler full of sweet- 
ened water. 

498. ERYSIPELAS. 

This when very bad needs the attendance of a 
physician ; when not so bad, paint the inflamed 
part over with white lead, mixed with paint oil, it 
is an excellent remedy. 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 207 

499. FOR FELON. 

Poultice well with flaxseed meal until matter 
begins to form, then at once have it well laid open 
with a lance, continue the poultice for some time 
afterwards. 

500. HAIR RESTORATIVE. 

Take of black mustard seed Joz., red pepper 15 
grains, blood root Joz., cantharides 15 grains, 
castile soap Joz., alcohol one quart; mix all 
together in a bottle, let stand for a week, occasion- 
ally shaking. Perfume with oil of bergamot, and 
apply three or four times a day. 

501. TO KILL RATS AND MICE WITHOUT 
POISON. 

Slice up a quantity of corks, grease, and scent 
them with oil of anise ; throw them in the way of 
the rats and mice ; they will eat, but cannot digest 
them ; the result is they will die. 

502. EYE WATER. 
One part of good brandy, to six of clean rain or 



208 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

distilled water, makes an admirable eye water for 

most cases of sore eyes. 

503. FOR CHRONIC GOUT AND RHEU- 
MATISM. 

Take of bicarbonate of potash J drachm, tincture 
of orange 2 drachms, compound decoction of aloes 
8oz., mix. Dose, a wine-glass full whenever the 
fit is expected. This is Sir A. Cooper's prescrip- 
tion. 

504. FOR SICKNESS AND VOMITING. 

Take of creosote 16 drops, acetic acid 16 drops, 
compound spirit of juniper loz., syrup loz., 
water 14oz. ; mix the creosote with the acid, add 
gradually the water, and lastly the syrup and 
spirit. Dose from two to four tablespoonsful. 

505. LAXATIVE PILL. 

Take of powdered aloes 1 drachm, gamboge 10 
grains, Castile soap and water sufficient to make 
a pill mass ; mix and divide into 34 pills. Dose, 
one, two, or three, to be given when necessary, 
for torpid bowels. 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 209 

506. FOR HEADACHE. 

la case of a severe attack of headache the best 
remedy is, generally, to take a good strong physic 
of salts and senna, If this does not relieve it, or 
-where the person is very freequently troubled with 
headache, apply a blister to the back of the neck, 
you will find it an excellent remedy. 

50T. FOR MAKING SIZE. 

This, with the following four, are currier's 
receipts. 

Take of sizing 1 quart, soft soap 1 gill, stuffing 
1 gill, sweet milk f pint : boil the sizing in water 
to a proper consistence, strain and add the other 
ingredients, and when thoroughly mixed it is ready 
for use. 

508. FOR PASTE. 

First coat. — Take of water 2 quarts ; flour 
J pint, castile soap loz. ; make into paste. Second 
coat. — Take of first paste f pint, gum tragacanth 
1 gill, water 1 pint ; mix all together. This will 
finish eighteen sides of upper. 



210 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

509. SKIRTING. 

This is for finishing skirting and the flesh of 
harness leather in imitation of oak tanning. Take 
of chrome yellow Jib., yellow ochre lib., cream of 
tartar loz., soda Joz., paste 5 quarts; mix well. 
This will finish twelve sides. 

510. SKIRTING. 

For the grain of skirting to imitate oak tan, 
take of chrome yellow, Jib. ; yellow ochre, Jib. ; 
cream of tartar, 1 oz. ; soda, 1 oz. ; paste, 2 qts. : 
spirits of turpentine, 1 pint. Mix well ; this will 
finish twelve sides. 

511. GRAIN BLACK. 

This is for the grain of harness leather. First, 
stain in tallow, then take of spirits of turpentine, 
1 pint ; cream of tartar, 1 oz. ; soda, 1 oz. ; gum 
shell-lac, J oz. ; thick paste reduced thin, 2 qts. 
Mix well. This will finish 2-4 sides. 

512. ANTIDOTES FOR POISONS. 

The antidotes for poisoning with the strong min- 
eral acids, such as nitric, muriatic, sulphuric, or 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 211 

oxalic acids are magnesia, chalk, whiting, in milk 
or water ; mucilaginous or soapy liquids. When 
sulphuric acid has been taken, use very little wa- 
ter if any. Irritate the throat with a feather to 
produce vomiting. 

The antidote for poisoning with corrosive subli- 
mate or any other preparation of mercury, is albu- 
men, as whites of eggs, in large quantity, flour 
and water, and milk. The whites of eggs are best. 
The antidotes for poisoning by opium, or any of 
its preparations, as morphia, laudanum, &c, are 
the stomach pump if it can be had; emetic of 
tartar emetic, 2 to 5 grains, or sulphate of zinc, 15 
to 30 grains, or sulphate of copper, 12 to 15 grs., 
for an adult. The sulphates of zinc or copper are 
best, because they act quicker. External excita- 
tion, keep in motion, mechanical excitement of 
respiration, cold effusion to the head and face, feet 
in hot water, electro-magnetism, internal stimu- 
lants, as bicarbonate of ammonia, 5 to 25 grains 
in water, carbonate of ammonia, 5 to 15 grains, 
in water, coffee and vegetable acids. Some pro- 
pose as an antidote for every case of poisoning, 
half a pint of bland oil, as sweet oil, fresh butter 
melted to oil, &c, to be drank at once, for an 
adult. 



212 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

513. TREATMENT OF DROWNING. 

If respiration has ceased when the body is taken 
out of the water, it should instantly be commenced 
artificially, by putting a pipe into one nostril, and 
closing the mouth and the other nostril, and very 
gently blowing through it about 15 times in a 
minute ; but it is a better plan to use a small pair 
of bellows, putting its muzzle into the nostril, at 
the same time the body should be wiped dry, and 
be assiduously rubbed with hot cloths ; hot bricks 
and bottles of hot water should be put into the 
armpit, between the thighs, and to the feet ; the 
head should be raised, the nostrils irritated with a 
feather, or with the fumes of hartshorn, and a 
warm injection of turpentine, made as follows, may 
be thrown up — oil of turpentine, 3 drachms ; 
gruel, -J a pint ; and the yolk of 1 egg. Incorpo- 
rate the turpentine with the egg, then add the 
gruel. Galvanism should be resorted to, if res- 
piration is not quickly restored. As soon as the 
patient can swallow, he should have some weak 
wine and water ; and soon afterwards an emetic of 
a large tablespoonful of mustard, mixed with 6ozs. 
of water, to clear the stomach of the water which 
he has swallowed, and to restore the circulation 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 213 

by the impetus of vomiting. After some hours he 
Trill suffer from severe headache and fever, which 
must be relieved by bleeding, purgatives, &c., 
which will be attended to by a physician, who will 
be present by this time. A case is related in 
which life was restored by the most persevering 
friction, which was kept up for eight hours before 
the humanity of the surgeon, Dr. Douglass, of 
Havre, was rewarded by a return of respiration. 

514. ELASTIC CEMENT FOR BELTS. 

Take of white glue, 1 lb., dry white lead, lib., 
alcohol, J pint, rain water, 3 pints, and proceed as 
directed in receipt No. 417. When ready for use 
apply to the ends of the belt, lay them together 
and place upon them a heavy weight until perfectly 
dry, then use the belt as you please. 

515. GOOD SAMARITAN OR PAIN-KILLER. 

Take of 95 per cent alcohol 2 quarts, and add 
to it the following articles : oils of sarsafras and 
hemlock, spirits of turpentine, balsam of fir, chlo- 
riform, tincture of catechu and guaiacum, of each 
1 oz., oil of origanum. 2 oz.. oil of wintergreen, \ 



214 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

oz., and gum camphor, J oz. Let all be well 
incorporated and you have the most excellent pain 
killer that was ever made. It is good for rheuma- 
tism, headache, neuralgia, cuts, sprains, burns, 
bruises, spinal affections, ear-ache, tooth-ache, sore 
throat, &c. This is used internally and externally, 
the dose internally is 10 drops ; take on sugar. 

516. DIAMOND PASTE FOR RAZORS. 

By rubbing a little of this paste on your razor- 
strop, it is astonishing how speedily you will be 
able to sharpen a razor. It is made simply by 
mixing flour of emery and sweet oil, to the con . 
sistence of paste. 

517. FOR STAGGERS IN SHEEP. 

Dissolve assafoetida in warm water, and put half 
a tablespoonful in each ear of the sheep. It is a 
speedy remedy. 

518. WATER-PROOF FOR LEATHER. 

Take of linseed oil, 1 pint ; yellow wax and 
white turpentine, of each, 2oz. ; burgundy pitch, 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 215 

loz. ; melt all together, and colour with lampblack. 
This being applied to boots, you may stand in 
water all day, and your feet will be dry at night. 

519. TO BROWN GUN-BARRELS. 

Rub the barrel, after it is finished, with aqua- 
fortis, or spirit of salt diluted with water ; leave it 
by for a week, till a complete coat is formed ; then 
apply a little oil, and after rubbing the surface 
dry, polish it with a hard brush and a little bees- 
wax. 

520. LIQUID GLUE. 

Put loz. of borax into a pan with 1 quart of 
water, set it on the fire, when melted, which will 
be very soon, put in 8oz. of gum-shellac, and boil 
until dissolved ; if too thin add more gum ; when 
cool bottle for use. 

521. TO TAKE INK SPOTS OUT OF 
MAHOGANY. 

Apply spirits of salt with a rag, until the spot 
disappears, and immediately wash with clean 
water ; or to half a pint of soft water put loz. 



216 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

of oxalic acid, and Joz. of butter of antimony ; 
shake it well, and when dissolved it will be very 
useful for extracting stains out of mahogany, as 
well as ink, if not of too long standing. 

522. TO CLEAN MARBLE, SIENNA, 
JASPER, PORPHYRY, &c. 

Mix up a quantity of strongest soap-lees with 
quicklime, to the consistence of milk, and lay it 
on the stone, &c, for 24 hours ; clean it after- 
wards with soap and water, and it will appear as 
new. This may be improved by rubbing or polish- 
ing it afterwards with fine putty powder and olive 
oil. This is a beautiful article for cleaning mar- 
ble monuments, &c. 

523. TO CLEAN SILVER FURNITURE. 

Lay the furniture piece by piece upon a char- 
coal fire ; and when they are just red, take them 
off and boil them in tartar and water, and your 
silver will have the same beauty as when first 
made. Try this method once and you will never 
forsake it ; it will not remove a portion of the 
silver, as articles that are sold in vials, boxes, &c, 
for this purpose will do. 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 217 

524. A FINE BLACK VARNISH. 

Take 2ozs. of bitumen of Palestine, 2ozs. of 
resin, and 12ozs. of umber ; melt them separately, 
and afterwards mix them together over a moderate 
fire ; then pour upon them, while on the fire, 6ozs. 
of clear boiled linseed oil, and keep stirring the 
whole from time to time ; take it off the fire, and, 
when pretty cool, pour in 12ozs. of essence of tur- 
pentine. This varnish is for coaches and iron work. 

525. TO PAINT SAIL-CLOTH, SO AS TO 
MAKE IT PLIANT, DURABLE, AND 
WATER-PROOF. 

Grind 961bs. of English ochre with boiled oil, 
and add to it 161bs. of black paint ; dissolve lib. 
of yellow soap in one pail of water, on the fire, 
and mix it while hot with the paint. Lay this 
composition, without wetting it, upon the canvass, 
as stiff as can conveniently be done with the brush, 
so as to form a smooth surface ; the next day, or 
the day after, (if the latter, so much the better,) 
lay on a second coat of ochre and black, with a 
very little, if any, soap : allow this coat a day 
to dry, and then finish the canvass with black 
paint. 



218 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

526. PHOTOCROMATIC OIL PAINTING. 

INSTRUCTIONS I 

Chemicals used in executing them : — chemical 
varnish, No. 1, 2oz. damar varnish, loz. spirits 
turpentine; (mix well together.) Finishing varnish, 
No. 2, loz. spirits turpentine, loz. alcohol, loz. 
damar varnish. Solution No. 3, 2ozs. vinegar, loz. 
salt, 1 quart water. A flat camel's hair brush is 
needed for varnishing. Take a smooth pane of 
common "window-glass, any size you choose, clean 
it well, then varnish one side of it with chemical 
varnish No. 1, lay it away where it will be per- 
fectly free from dust, and let it dry twenty-four 
hours ; next varnish the same side of the glass 
again, and let it dry about one half hour, or until 
the varnish becomes stickey. Immediately after 
varnishing the glass the second time, take the 
print that you wish to get an impression of, and 
immerse it in the solution No. 3 ; put the solution in 
a flat pan, and lay the print in with the face side up ; 
let the print lay in the solution about five minutes, 
or until the paper is completely saturated, then re- 
move it, taking care not to stretch it, and lay it on 
paper with the face side up, in order that the solu- 
tion may dry from the face of the print. In this 
way prepare the print, getting it ready by the time 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 219 

the glass has dried one half hour. Next, carefully 
lay the face of the print on the varnished side of 
the glass, being particular to lay it on smooth and 
press it firmly to the glass, so as to exclude every 
particle of air ; should there be any air left under 
the paper, it will show itself in spots, and must be 
pressed out. You now lay it away and let it dry 
another twenty- four hours ; then, wet the back 
part of the print with water and with your hand 
or a wet cloth, rub the paper from the back of the 
print until it is so thin that the outlines of the 
picture can be seen from the back and of uniform 
thickness. You next spread a thin coat of finishing 
varnish (No. 2) on it and lay it away to dry. This 
will render it perfectly clear and transparent. — 
After this coat of varnish has dried, rub it over 
with a bit of fine sand paper, to make it smooth, 
and finish with two or three coats of No. 2 varnish. 
AYhen dry, put it in a frame with the varnished side 
out, placing a sheet of light coloured paper on the 
back, this will give it the appearance of an oil 
painting. By following these directions you can- 
not fail to produce a beautiful picture. 

527. FOR THE COMPLEXION. 

Boil a small piece of gum benzoin in some spirits 



220 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

of wine till it is dissolved, (five minutes boiling 
will be sufficient,) then bottle for use. A few 
drops of this in a glass of soft water (sufficient to 
make the water of a milky colour) makes a delici- 
ous wash ; apply with a towel or linen cloth. Thi3 
article will make the skin as soft as velvet, and 
will constantly preserve rosy cheeks and lips, and 
for this it has not an equal in the world ; besides, 
it is as harmless as a sun-shower. As it is not a 
paint, it will not act just on the moment when 
applied. 

528. ORIENTAL CREAM OF ROSES. 

Take of tincture of elder blossoms Joz., best 
beef marrow 1 teaspoonful, orange flower water } 
pint, cassia buds loz., blanched bitter almonds 2 
oz., spirits of oriental roses 4 drms. ; mix all, and 
when the solution acquires the colour and consis- 
tency of milk it is fit for use. This article is for 
beautifying the complexion, making the skin as 
soft, as fair, and as rosy as that of a healthy 
infant ; apply at pleasure. It is not only harm- 
less, but will prove a speedy cure for all pimples, 
blotches, &c. 



OP SCIENTIFIC SECRETS, 221 

529. INSTRUCTION FOR GILDING. 

Dissolve a gold dollar in nitro-muriatic acid, — 
(2ozs. muriatic to 1 of nitric,) then dissolve a Jib. 
of copperas in a pint of hot water, and pour it into 
the dish containing the gold and acid, pouring in 
a little at a time, till it stops boiling or foaming 
up ; then let it stand and settle about six hours ; 
then strain off the copperas-water carefully, and 
the gold will appear like a brown or dark yellow 
powder in the bottom of the dish. You will then 
proceed to wash the gold, which is done by pour- 
ing hot water on it ; let it stand and settle a few 
minutes, and then drain off. Continue washing in 
this manner till there is no acid or copperas taste ; 
then add to the gold in the bottom of the dish 
from 1J- to 2oz. cyanuret potassa, dissolved in 
about J pint pure soft water. The solution is then 
ready for use. Gild by laying a piece of pure 
zinc in contact with the article to be gilded, in the 
solution. 

530. DIRECTIONS FOR SILVERING. 

Dissolve a silver dollar in about 2 ozs. of nitric 
acid by heating ; then dissolve a tablespoonful of 



222 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

salt in about a quart of water ; pour it into the 
dish with the silver and acid ; let it stand and set- 
tle a few minutes, and the silver will settle to the 
bottom in a white powder. Then drain off the 
water carefully, and add more water, then drain 
off again. Continue washing in this manner till 
no acid or salt taste remains ; then add a quart or 
more of pure soft water, and cyanuret potassa 
enough to take it up, or nearly so. The solution 
is then nearly ready for use. 

Silver by laying a piece of zinc in contact with 
the article, the same as in gilding. If the article 
you are silvering or gilding corrodes or turns 
black, it wants a little more cyanuret. In gilding 
or silvering, the article must be thoroughly cleaned, 
and great care must be taken that the water used 
is of the purest kind. 

When the plating is as heavy as you wish, pol- 
ish it with a mixture of chalk and alcohol, or of 
chalk alone, applied with a fine brush, or else a bit 
of chamois leather or rag. 

If you wish to put on a very heavy coat of silver 
or gold, instead of using zinc alone as a battery, 
use the following, attach a piece of copper to one 
end of an iron wire about ten inches long, and a 
piece of zinc to the other end, and place both zinc 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 223 

and copper in contact with the article being sil- 
vered or gilded. 

531. USING FRENCH POLISH. 

There is a mode of using shell-lac varnish which 
is sometimes denominated the German, but more 
commonly the French mode. It merits to be gene- 
rally known, as the process is easy and economical, 
and the effect beautiful. It has been much em- 
ployed by cabinet and musical instrument makers, 
but is not yet so extensively practised as it merits 
to be. The varnish is applied by means of what is 
called a rubber, made by rolling up a piece of thick 
woollen cloth, which has been torn off so as to have 
a soft, elastic edge. The varnish, put into a nar- 
row-mouthed bottle, is applied to the middle of the 
flat face of the rubber by laying the rubber on the 
mouth of the bottle and quickly shaking the var- 
nish at once, as the rubber will thus imbibe a suffi- 
cient quantity to varnish a considerable extent of 
surface. The rubber is then enclosed in a soft 
linen cloth doubled, the remainder of the cloth 
being gathered together at the back of the rubber 
to form a handle to hold it by ; and the face of the 
linen cloth must be moistened with a little raw lin- 
l2 



224 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

seed-oil, which may either be coloured with alkanet 
root or not, applied with the finger to the middle 
of it. The work to be varnished should be placed 
opposite to the light, in order that the effect of the 
polishing may be better seen, and a surface of from 
ten to eight feet square may be varnished at once. 
The rubber must be quickly and lightly rubbed 
upon, the surface of the article to be varnished, and 
the rubbing continued until the varnish becomes 
nearly dry. The coil of woollen cloth must then 
be again wetted with the varnish, (no more oil need 
be applied to the surface of the linen cloth,) and 
the rubbing renewed till the varnish becomes nearly 
dry as before ; a third coat must be applied in the 
same manner, then a fourth with a little oil, which 
must be followed by two others without oil, as 
before. You proceed thus until the varnish has 
acquired some thickness, which will be after a few 
repetitions of the series. Apply then a little alco- 
hol to the inside of the linen cloth, and wet the 
coil with the varnish ; after which, rub very quickly, 
lightly, and uniformly, over every part of the var- 
nished surface, which will tend to make it even, and 
very much conduce to its polish. The linen cloth 
must now be wetted with a little alcohol and oil, 
without varnish ; and the varnished surface being 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 225 

rubbed over, with the precautions last mentioned, 
until it is nearly dry, the effect of the operation 
will be seen. If it be found not complete, the 
process must be continued, with the introduction of 
alcohol in its turn as directed before, until the sur- 
face becomes smooth and of a beautiful lustre. The 
preceding process is that in general use ; but Dr. 
Jones, recommends, in the Franklin Journal, a 
rubber of a different sort, as well as a simpler 
mode of employing it. He takes a piece of thick 
woollen cloth, six or eight inches in diameter, and 
upon one side of this pours a teaspoonful of the 
yarnish ; he then collects the edges together, so as 
to enclose the varnish in the cloth and form a han- 
dle by which to hold it : this is finally covered with 
a piece of oiled linen cloth, and the rubber is ready 
for use. More varnish is added as often as it is 
required ; and when it becomes occasionally too 
thick to ooze through, a little alcohol is poured 
into the cloth. Some difficulties may be at first 
experienced in performing this process ; but Dr. 
Jones states that a very little practice will enable 
any handy person to surmount them. The peculiar 
advantage said to attend it is, that a beautiful 
polish may be at once obtained by a continued ap- 



226 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

plication of the rubber in this way ; while, accord- 
ing to the method previously described, successive 
coats of varnish, which require considerable time 
to dry, must be used, and a great deal of additional 
trouble incurred. In varnishing recesses or carved 
work, where parts of the surface are difficult to 
reach with the rubber, a spirit varnish, made with 
or without lac of the usual gum resins, and con- 
siderably thicker than that used for the rest of the 
work, may be applied to those parts with a brush 
or hair pencil. 

532. LACQUER FOR BRASS. 

Seed-lac, 6ozs. ; amber or copal, ground on por- 
phyry or very clean marble, 2ozs. ; dragon's blood, 
40 grains ; extract of red sandal-wood, 30 grains ; 
oriental saffron, 36 grains ; pounded glass, 4 ozs. ; 
very pure alcohol, 40ozs. Articles, or ornaments 
of brass, to which this varnish is to be applied, 
should be exposed to a gentle heat and then dipped 
into the varnish. Two or three coatings may be 
thus applied, if necessary. Articles varnished in 
this manner may be cleaned with water and a bit 
of dry rag. 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 227 

533. TO CLEAN OLD BRASS WORK FOR 

LACQUERING. 

First boil a strong lye of wood-ashes, which you 
may strengthen with soap-lees ; put in your brass 
work, and the lacquer will immediately come off; 
then have ready a pickle of aquafortis and water, 
strong enough to take off the dirt ; wash it imme- 
diately in clean water, dry it well, and lacquer it. 

534. TO PREPARE FISH OIL FOR PAINT. 

Into a cask which will contain about 40 galls., 
put 32 galls, of good common vinegar ; add to this 
121bs. of litharge, and 121bs. of white copperas in 
powder : bung up the vessel, and shake and roll it 
well twice a-clay for a week, when it will be fit to 
put into a ton of whale, cod, or seal oil, (but the 
southern whale oil is to be preferred, on account 
of its good colour and little or no smell :) shake 
and mix all together, when it may settle until the 
next day '; then pour off the clear, which will be 
about seven-eighths of the whole. To clear this 
part, add 12 galls, of linseed oil, and 2 galls, of 
spirits of turpentine ; shake them well together, 
and, after the whole has settled two or three days, 



228 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

it will be fit to grind white lead and all fine colours 
in ; and, when ground, cannot be distinguished from 
those ground in linseed oil, unless by the superiority 
of colour. If the oil be wanted only for coarse pur- 
poses, the linseed oil and oil of turpentine may be 
added at the same time that the prepared vinegar 
is put in ; and, after being well shaken up, is fit 
for immediate use, without being suffered to settle. 
The residue or bottom, when settled by the addi- 
tion of half its quantity of fresh lime-water, forms 
an excellent oil for mixing with all the coarse 
paints for preserving outside work. All colours 
ground in the above oil, and used for inside work, 
must be thinned with linseed oil and oil of tur- 
pentine. 

Grain by the above process. 

One ton offish oil, or 252 galls §151.20 

32 galls, of vinegar, at 12 J cts. per gall... 4.00 

12 lbs. litharge, at 7 cts. per lb 84 

12 lbs. white copperas, at 8 cts. ditto 96 

12 galls, of linseed oil, at 90 cts. per gall. 10.80 

2 galls, of spirit of turpentine, at 40 cts. 80 

$168.60 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 229 

252 galls, of fish oil 
12 ditto linseed oil 
2 ditto spirit of turpentine 
32 ditto vinegar 

298 galls., at 90 cts. per gall. §268.20 
Deduct the expense 168.60 



§ 99.60 

535. PAINTING IN MILK. 

In consequence of the injury which has often 
resulted to sick and weakly persons from the smell 
of common paint, the following method of painting 
with milk has been adopted by some workmen, 
which, for the interior of buildings, besides being 
as free as distemper from any offensive odour, is 
said to be nearly equal to oil-painting in body and 
durability. Take \ gall, of skimmed milk, 6ozs. 
of lime newly slaked, 4ozs. of poppy, linseed, or 
nut-oil, and 31bs. of Spanish white. Put the lime 
into an earthen vessel or clean bucket, and having 
poured on it a sufficient quantity of milk to make 
it about the thickness of cream, add the oil in 
small quantities at a time, stirring the mixture 
l3 



230 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

with a wooden spatula. Then put in the rest of 
the milk, and afterwards the Spanish white. It is, 
in general, indifferent which of the oils above-men- 
tioned you use ; but, for a pure white, oil of poppy 
is the best. The oil in this composition, being 
dissolved by the lime,* wholly disappears ; and, 
uniting with^the whole of the other ingredients, 
forms a kind of calcareous soap. In putting in the 
Spanish white, you must be careful that it is finely 
powdered and strewed gently over the surface of 
the mixture. It then, by degrees, imbibes the 
liquid and sinks to the bottom. Milk skimmed in 
summer is often found to be curdled ; but this is 
of no consequence in the present preparation, as 
its combining with the lime soon restores it to its 
fluid state. But] it must on no account be sour ; 
because, in that case, it would, by uniting with the 
lime, fornTan earthy salt, which could not resist 
any degree of dampness in the air. Milk paint 
may likewise be used for out-door objects by 
adding to the ingredients before-mentioned 2ozs. 
each more of oil and slaked lime, and 2ozs. of 
Burgundy pitch.^The pitch should be put into the 
oil that is to be added to the milk and lime, and 
dissolved by a gentle heat. In cold weather, the 
milk and lime must be warmed, to prevent the 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 231 

pitch from cooling too suddenly, and to enable it 
to unite more readily with the milk and lime. 
Time only can prove how far this mode of painting 
is to he compared, for durability, with that in oil ; 
for the shrinking to which coatings of paint are 
subject depends in great measure upon the nature 
and seasoning of the wood. The milk paint used 
for in-door work dries in about an hour ; and the 
oil which is employed in preparing it entirely loses 
its smell in the soapy state to which it is reduced 
by its union with the lime. One coating will be 
sufficient for places that are already covered with 
any colour, unless the latter penetrate through it 
and produce spots. One coat will likewise suffice, 
in general, for ceilings and stair-cases ; two will 
be necessary for new wood. Milk painting may 
be coloured, like every other in distemper, by 
means of the different colouring substances em- 
ployed in common painting. The quantity I have 
given in the receipt will be sufficient for one coat 
to a surface of about twenty-five square yards. 

• 536. ETHEREAL SOLUTION OF GOLD. 

The following mode of effecting this solution 
(used chiefly for gilding steel) is recommended by 



232 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

Mr. H. Mill, in the " Technical Repository," as 
being superior t® any previously made known. 
61 The instructions," he says, " given in most ele- 
mentary works on chemistry for this purpose are 
either erroneous or not sufficiently explicit." The 
process answers equally well for either gold or 
platina. Dissolve any quantity of gold or platina 
in nitro-muriatic acid, (aqua regia,) until no further 
effervescence is occasioned by the application of 
heat. Evaporate the solution of gold or platina, 
thus formed, to dryness, in a gentle heat, (it will 
then be freed from all excess of acid, which is es- 
sential,) and re-dissolve the dry mass in as little 
water as possible : next take an instrument which 
is used by chemists for dropping liquids, known by 
the name of a separating funnel, having a pear- 
shaped body, tapering to a fine sharp point, and a 
neck capable of being stopped with the finger or a 
cork, which may contain a liquid once or more ; 
fill it with the liquid about one-quarter part, and 
the other three parts must be filled with the very 
best sulphuric ether. If this be rightly managed, 
the two liquids will not mix. Then place the tube 
in a horizontal position, and gently turn it round 
with the finger and thumb. The ether will very 
soon be impregnated with the gold or platina, 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 233 

which may be known by its changing its colour : 
replace it in a perpendicular position, and let it 
rest for twenty-four hours ; having first stopped 
up the upper orifice with a cork. The liquid will 
then be divided into two parts — the darkest colour- 
ing being underneath. To separate them, take out 
the cork and let the dark liquid flow out : when it 
has disappeared, stop the tube immediately with 
the cork, and what remains in the tube is fit for 
use, and may be called gilding liquid. Let it be 
put into a bottle, and tightly corked. The muriate 
of gold or platina, formed by digesting these metals 
in nitro-muriatic acid, must be entirely free from 
all excess of acid ; because it will otherwise act 
too forcibly on the steel, and cause the coating of 
gold to peel off. Pure gold must be employed ; 
the ether must not be shaken with the muriate of 
gold, as is advised in chemical publications, for it 
will be sure, then, to contain acid ; but if the two 
liquids be brought continually into contact by the 
motion described, the affinity between ether and 
gold is so strong as to overcome the obstacle of 
gravity, and it will hold the gold in solution. The 
ethereal solution may also be concentrated by 
gentle evaporation. 



234 DEMONS! El ATI VE TRANSLATION 

537. VARNISH POLISH. 

Take 2ozs. of tripoli, reduced to fine powder ; 
put it into an earthen pot or basin, with water to 
cover it ; then take a piece of fine flannel, four 
times doubled, lay it over a piece of cork or rub- 
ber, and proceed to polish your varnish, always 
wetting it with the tripoli and water. You will 
know when the process is completed, by wiping a 
part of the work with a sponge and observing 
whether there is a fair and even glos3. Take a bit 
of mutton-suet and fine flour, and clean off the 
work. Or, the powdered tripoli may be mixed up 
with a little pure oil, and used upon a ball of serge, 
or of chamois leather, which is better. The pol- 
ishing may afterwards be completed with a bit of 
serge or cloth, without tripoli. Putty powder, and 
even common whiting and water, are sometimes 
used for polishing ; but they produce a very in- 
ferior effect to tropoli, except in the case of ivory, 
for which putty and water, used upon a rubber 
made of a hat, forms the best and quickest polish. 
Putty and water may likewise be used, in the same 
manner as just mentioned for ivory, in finishing 
off the polish of pearl work, after it has first been 
polished very smooth with pumice-stone, finely 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. . 235 

powdered, and well washed to free it from impuri- 
ties and dirt. 

538. VARNISH FOR COLOURED 
DRAWINGS. 

Mix together loz. of Canada balsam and 2ozs. 
of spirits of turpentine. Before applying the com- 
position, size the drawing or print with a solution 
of isinglass in water ; when this is dry, apply the 
varnish with a camel's-hair brush. The use of 
this varnish gives to coloured drawings and prints 
an appearance resembling that of oil paintings. 

539. VARNISH FOR GLASS. 

Reduce a quantity of gum tragacanth to powder, 
and let it dissolve for twenty-four hours in the 
white of eggs well beat up ; then rub it gently on 
the glass with a brush. 

540. TO CLEAN PICTURES. 

Having taken the picture out of its frame, take 
a clean towel, and making it quite wet, lay it on 
the face of your picture, sprinkling it from time 



236 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

to time with clear soft water : let it remain wet 
for two or three days ; take the cloth off, and re- 
new it with a fresh one : after wiping your picture 
with a clean wet sponge, repeat the process till 
you find all the dirt soaked out of your picture ; 
then wash it well with a soft sponge, and let it get 
quite dry ; rub it with some clear nut or linseed 
oil, and it will look as well as when freshly done. 

541. ANOTHER METHOD. 

Put into two quarts of strong lye a quarter of a 
pound of Genoa soap rasped very fine, with about 
a pint of spirits of wine ; let them simmer on the 
fire for half an hour, then strain them through a 
cloth ; apply it with a brush to the picture, wipe 
it off with a sponge, and apply it a second time , 
which will effectually remove all dirt ; then, with 
a little nut oil warmed, rub the picture, and let it 
dry ; this will make it look as bright as when it 
came out of the artist's hands. 

542. VARNISH FOR CLOCK FACES, &c. 

Take of spirits of wine, 1 pint ; divide it into 
four parts ; mix one part with half an ounce of gum 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 237 

mastic, in a bottle by itself ; one part of spirits and 
half an ounce of gum sandrac in another bottle ; 
and one part of spirits and half an ounce of the 
whitest part of gum benjamin ; mix and temper 
them to your mind ; if too thick, add spirits ; if 
too thin, some mastic ; if too soft, some sandrac or 
benjamin. When you use it, warm the silvered 
plate before the fire, and with a flat camel-hair 
pencil stroke it over till no white streaks appear : 
which will preserve the silvering for many years. 

543. VARNISH FOR BALLOOXS. 

Take some linseed oil, rendered drying by boil- 
ing it with 2ozs. of sugar of lead and 3ozs. of 
litharge for every pint of oil till they are dissolved, 
which may be in half an hour. Then put lib. of 
birdlime and half a pint of the drying oil into an 
iron or copper vessel, whose capacity should equal 
about a gallon, and let it boil very gently over a 
slow charcoal fire, till the birdlime ceases to crackle, 
which will be in about half or three-quarters of an 
hour ; then pour upon it 2} pints more of the dry- 
ing oil, and let it boil about an hour longer, stir- 
ring it frequently with an iron or wooden spatula. 
As the varnish, whilst boiling, and especially when 
nearly ready, swells very much, care should be 



238 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

taken to remove, in those cases, the pot from the 
fire, and to replace it when the varnish subsides ; 
otherwise, it will boil over. Whilst the stuff is 
boiling, the operator should occasionally examine 
whether it has boiled enough, which may be known 
by observing whether, when rubbed between two 
knives, which are then to be separated from one 
another, the varnish forms threads between them, 
as it must then be removed from the fire. When 
nearly cool, add about an equal quantity of oil of 
turpentine. In using the varnish, the stuff must 
be stretched, and the varnish applied lukewarm. 
In 24 hours it will dry. As the elastic resin, 
known by the name of Indian rubber, has been 
much extolled for a varnish for balloons, the fol- 
lowing method of making it, as practised by M. 
Blanchard, may not prove unacceptable : dissolve 
elastic resin cut small in five times its weight of 
rectified essential oil of turpentine, by keeping 
them some days together. Then pour loz. of this 
solution in 8ozs. of drying linseed oil for a few 
minutes ; strain the solution, and use it warm. 

544. TO PREPARE RENNET TO TURN 
MILK. 

Take out the stomach of a calf as soon as killed, 
and scour it inside and out with salt ; after it is 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 239 

cleared of the curd always found in it, let it drain 
a few hours, then sew it up with two good handsful 
of salt in it, or stretch it well salted on a stick, or 
keep it in the salt wet ; and when wanted soak it a 
little in fresh water, and repeat the same when 
again required. 

545. TO MAKE CHEESE. 

Put the milk into a large tub, warming a part 
till it is of a degree of heat quite equal to new ; if 
too hot the cheese will be tough. Put in as much 
rennet as will turn it, and cover it over ; let it 
stand till completely turned, then strike the curd 
down several times with the skimming-dish, and 
let it separate, still covering it. There are two 
modes of breaking the curd, and there will be a 
difference in the taste of the cheese according as 
either is observed : one is, to gather it with the 
hands very gently towards the side of the tub, 
letting the whey pass through the fingers till it is 
cleared, and ladling it off as it collects ; the other 
is, to get the whey from it by early breaking the 
curd ; the last method deprives it of many of its 
oily particles, and is therefore less proper. Put 
the vat on a ladder over the tub, and fill it with 
curd by the skimmer : press the curd close with 



240 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

your hand, and add more as it sinks, and it must 
be finally left two inches above the edge. Before 
the vat is filled, the cheese-cloth must be laid at 
the bottom, and when full, draw smoothly over on 
all sides. There are two modes of salting cheese ; 
one by mixing it in the curd while in the tub, after 
the whey is out, and the other by putting it into 
the vat and crumbling the curd all to pieces with 
it, after the first squeezing with the hands has 
dried it. The first method appears best on some 
accounts, but not on all, and therefore the custom 
of the country must direct. Put a board under 
and over the vat, and place it in the press ; in two 
hours turn it out and put a fresh cheese-cloth ; 
press it again for eight or ten hours ; then salt it 
all over, and turn it again in the vat, and let it 
stand in the press fourteen or sixteen hours, ob- 
serving to put the cheese last made undermost. 
Before putting them the last time into the vat, 
pare the edges if they do not look smooth. The 
vat should have holes at the sides and at bottom, 
to let all the whey pass through ; put on clean 
boards, and change and scald them. 

546. TO PRESERVE CHEESE SOUND. 

Wash in a warm whey, when you have any, wipe 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 241 

it once a month, and keep it on a rack. If you 
want to ripen it, a damp cellar will bring it for- 
ward. When a whole cheese is cut, the larger 
quantity should be spread with butter inside, and 
the outside wiped to preserve it. To keep those 
in daily use moist, let a clean cloth be wrung out 
from cold water, and wrapt round them when car- 
ried from the table. 

547. TO MAKE CREAM CHEESE. 

Put 5 quarts of strippings, that is, the last of 
the milking, into a pan, with 2 spoonsful of rennet. 
When the curd is come, strike it clown two or three 
times with the skimming-dish, just to break it ; let 
it stand two hours, then spread a cheese-cloth on a 
sieve, put the curd on it, and let the whey drain ; 
break the curd a little with your hand, and put it 
into a vat with a 21b weight upon it ; let it stand 
twelve hours, take it out, and bind a fillet round ; 
turn every day till dry, from one board to another, 
cover them with nettles or clean dock leaves, and 
put between two pewter-plates to ripen. If the 
weather be warm, it will be ready in three weeks. 

548. ELEGANT AND INGENIOUS ARTS, &c. 
Accomplishments. — These are very desirable for 



242 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

the household, because the inmates are made hap- 
pier by refined and ingenious arts and pursuits, 
and are fitted to improve the taste of others. 
Children and young persons, of both sexes, should 
learn as many of these arts as they possibly can 
without neglecting duties. Pleasant modes of em- 
ploying leisure hours save people from many temp- 
tations, and add much to the happiness of life. 

549. GRECIAN PAINTING. 

Grecian painting is the art of imitating oil 
paintings. This truly beautiful imitation, if well 
done, is so perfect that none save connoisseurs can 
discern, at sight, the difference. 

Engravings best suited to this style of painting 
are mezzotint or aquatint, though fine lithographs 
are used. 

Rule First. — Procure a frame one inch longer 
than the engraved part of the print. Second. — 
Cut the engraving the size of the frame, then make 
a stiff paste, and spread thickly on the frame. 
Third. — Place the engraving face down and sponge 
it gently with water ; then press the frame firmly 
and evenly down on ; leave it till entirely dry (not 
by the fire) and it will become even and tight. 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 243 

To make the G-reeian Varnish. — Take one part 
turpentine, two parts alcohol, (90 proof,) three 
parts balsam of fir, and mix. 

To use the Varnish. — Pour sufficient spirits of 
turpentine on the back of the picture to moisten it 
well, then put on the varnish and rub it thoroughly 
with a stiff brush, and continue to apply it until 
the picture is perfectly transparent. 

Spots. — Leave the picture for twenty-four hours, 
after which if white spots appear, showing that the 
varnish has not been effectual, repeat the process. 
Sometimes it has to be done several times. 

Drying. — Place the picture, face downward, 
where it will be free from dust, and leave it three 
or four days. 

Paints. — These are put on the back of the 
engraving. 

Eyes. — For blue eyes, permanent blue and 
white ; for hazel eyes, yellow ochre and Vandyke 
brown. 

Flesh Tints. — Elake white, with a very little 
Vermillion and Naples yellow. 

Foliages. — Chrome yellow and Prussian blue, 
with any of the browns. 

Shy. — Clouds touched in with white ; the rest 
permanent blue and white. 



244 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

Water. — The light parts with white, the rest 
the same as the sky. If a bright scene, and with 
trees, of a greenish brown. 

Hair and Eyebrows. — Yellow ochre and van- 
dyke brown, or raw sienna. 

Backgrounds. — The most agreeable tint is a 
greenish brown. 

White Background. — Flake and silver white. 

Buff Background. — Naples yellow. 

Orange Background. — Chrome yellow, with Ver- 
million. 

Blue Background. — Flake white and Prussian 
blue. 

G-ray Background. — White, Prussian blue, and 
vermillion. 

Pink Background. — White and vermillion. 

Crimson Background. — Vermillion and white, 
with carmine. 

Green Background. — Chrome yellow and Prus- 
sian blue. 

Paints for the front of the picture. — Drying oil 
must be used with all the colours on the front. 

Shading for the flesh on the front — Carmine 
and Vandyke brown laid on lightly, and the edges 
touched off with the finger. 

Cheeks. — Carmine ; soften the edges carefully. 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 245 

Lips. — Carmine, with a touch of vermilion. 

Hair and Eyebrows. — Yellow lake and van- 
dyke brown. 

Draperies. — These are always painted on the 
back, and shaded on the front with Vandyke brown. 

Backgrounds. — If plain, glaze with yellow lake. 

Foliages. — Yellow lake and Vandyke brown. 

Cfeneral Directions. — First — .Lay the paint 
thickly on the back, and be careful to cover every 
part, but not to go over the edges. 

Second. — When the painting is finished let it 
dry four days, and then cover the front with a 
coat of mastic varnish. 

Materials required, are a palette, palette-knife, 
Hat varnish brush, three sizes of bristle brushes, 
three sizes of table brushes, drying oil, mastic var- 
nish, spirits of turpentine, Grecian varnish. 

Colours used are oil colours in tubes. Those 
generally needed are silver white, Naples yellow, 
yellow ochre, brilliant yellow, vermilion, Prussian 
blue, raw sienna, ivory black, carmine, yellow lake, 
Vandyke brown. 

If economy is an object, some of the above-men- 
tioned materials can be dispensed with. 



246 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

550. DIAPHANIE. 

This is a beautiful, useful, and inexpensive art, 
easily acquired, and producing imitation of the 
richest and rarest stained glass ; and also of 
making blinds, screens, skylights, Chinese lan- 
terns, &c, in every variety of colour and design. 
In decorating his house, a gentlemen spends as 
much money as he can conveniently spare ; the 
elegancies and refinements of modern taste de- 
mand something more than mere comfort; yet 
though his walls are hung with pictures, his draw- 
ing-room filled with bijouterie, how is it that the 
windows of his hall, his library, his staircase, are 
neglected ? The reason is obvious. The magni- 
ficent historical glass might be envied, but could 
not be brought within the compass of ordinary 
means. Recent improvements in printing in colours 
led the way to this beautiful invention, by which 
economy is combined with the most perfect results. 
A peculiar kind of paper is rendered perfectly 
transparent, upon which designs are printed in 
glass colours, (vitro de couleurs,) which will not 
change with the light. The paper is applied to 
the glass with a clear white varnish, and when 
dry, a preparation is finally applied, which in- 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 247 

creases the transparency, and adds tenfold bril- 
liancy to the effect. There is another design, 
printed in imitation of the half-light {abatiour ;) 
this is used principally for a ground, covering the 
whole surface of the glass, within which (the neces- 
sary spaces having been previously cut out before 
it is stuck on the glass,) are placed medallion 
centres of Watteau figures, perfectly transparent, 
which derive increased brilliancy from the semi- 
transparency of the surrounding country, To as- 
certain the quantity of designs recjuired, measure 
your glass carefully, and then calculate how many 
sheets it will take. The sheets are arranged so 
that they can be joined together continuously, or 
cut to any size or shape. 

Practical Instructions. — Choose a fine day for 
the operation, as the glass should be perfectly dry 
and unaffected by the humidity of the atmosphere. 
Of course, if you have a choice, it is more conve- 
nient to work on your glass before it is fixed in the 
frame. If you are working on a piece of unat- 
tached glass, lay it on a flat table, (a marble slab 
is preferable,) over which you must previously lay 
a piece of baize or cloth to keep the glass steady. 
The glass being thus fixed, clean and polish the 

side on which you intend to operate, (in windows 
m2 



248 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

this is the inner side,) then with your brush lay on 
it very equably a good coat of the prepared var- 
nish; let this dry for an hour, more or less, 
according to the dryness of the atmosphere and 
the thickness of the coat of varnish. Meantime 
cut and trim your designs carefully to fit the glass, 
(if it is one entire transparent sheet you will find 
it little trouble ;) then lay them on a piece of 
paper, face downwards, and damp the back of 
them with a sponge, applied several times, to 
equalise the moisture. After this operation, ar- 
range your time so that your designs may now be 
finally left to dry for fifteen minutes before appli- 
cation to the glass, the varnish on which has now 
become tacky or sticky, and in a proper state to 
receive them. Apply the printed side next to the 
glass without pressure ; endeavour to let your sheet 
fall perfectly level and smooth on your glass so 
that you may avoid leaving creases, which would 
be fatal. Take now your palette, lay it flat on the 
design, and press out all the air bubbles, com- 
mencing in the centre, and working them out from 
the sides ; an ivory stick will be found useful in 
removing creases ; you now leave this to dry, 
and after twenty-four hours apply a slight coat of 
the liqueur diaphane, leaving it another day, when 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 249 

if dry, apply a second coat of the same kind, which 
must be left several days : finally, apply a coat of 
varnish over all. If these directions are carefully 
followed, your glass will never be affected hj time 
or hj any variations in the weather : it will defy 
hail, rain, frost and dust, and can be washed the 
same as any ordinary stained glass, to which, in 
some respects, it is even superior. It is impossible 
to enumerate the variety of articles to the manu- 
facture of which diaphanie may be successfully ap- 
plied as it is not confined to glass, but can be done 
on silk, parchment, paper, linen, &c, after they have 
been made transparent, which may be accomplished 
in the following manner : — stretch your paper, or 
whatever it may be, on a frame or drawing board, 
then apply two successive coats (a day between 
each.) of diaphanous liquor, and after leaving it to 
dry for several days, cover it with a thin layer of 
very clear size, and when dry it will be in a fit 
state to receive the coat of varnish and the designs. 
Silk, linen, or other stuffs, should be more care- 
fully stretched, and receive a thicker coat of size 
than paper or parchment ; the latter may be 
strained on a drawing or any other smooth board, 
by damping the sheet, and after pasting the edges. 
stretching it down while damp. Silk, linen, or 



250 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

other stuffs require to be carefully stretched on a 
knitting or other suitable frame. Take great care 
to allow, whatever you use, time to dry before ap- 
plying the liqueur diaphane. All kinds of screens, 
lamp-shades, and glasses, lanterns, &c, &c, may 
be made in this way, as heat will produce no effect 
upon them. The transparent pictures are suc- 
cessful, because they may be hung on a window 
frame or removed at will, and the window blinds 
are far superior to any thing of that kind that have 
yet been seen. Instead of steeping the designs in 
the transparent liquor at the time of printing them, 
which was previously done in order to show their 
transparency to the purchaser, but which was prac- 
tically objectionable, as the paper in that state was 
brittle, and devoid of pliancy, necessitating also 
the use of a peculiarly difficult vehicle to manage 
(varnish) in applying it to the glass, the manufac- 
turer now prepares his paper differently, in order 
to allow the use of parchment size in sticking them 
on the glass. The liqueur diaphene, which is 
finally applied, renders them perfectly transparent. 
In this mode of operation, no delay is requisite, 
the designs being applied to the glass immediately 
after laying on the size, taking care to press out 
all the air bubbles, for which purpose a roller will 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 251 

be found indispensable. The designs should be 
damped before the size is applied to them. We 
are of opinion that this art may be applied to the 
production of magic-lantern slides, dissolving views, 
and dioramic effects; though we are not aware 
whether such experiments have been tried. 

551. WATER-COLOURS USED IN 
DRAWING. 

Indian Ink* — The best is stamped with Chinese 
characters, breaks with a glossy fracture, and feels 
smooth when rubbed on the plate. 

Hair Pencils are made of camel's-hair ; if they 
come to a point, when moistened, without splitting, 
they are good. 

Drawing Paper. — That made without any wire 
marks, and called wove paper, is the best ; it is 
made of various sizes and thicknesses. 

To make a good white. — Clarify white lead with 
white-wine vinegar. After the powder has settled, 
pour off the vinegar, put the powder into a glass 
of water, stir it, and pour the water off while it is 
white into another glass ; when it is settled, pour 
off the water, and an excellent white will be ob- 
tained. To this add gum enough to give it a gloss. 



252 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

552. DIRECTIONS FOR MIXED COLOURS. 

Ash Colour. — Ceruse white, Keating's black 
and white, shaded with cherry-stone black. 

Bay. — Lake and flake white, shaded with car- 
mine ; bistre and vermilion shaded with black. 

Changeable Silk, — Red lead and masticot water, 
shaded with sap-green and verdigris. 

Another. — Lake and yellow, shaded with lake 
and Prussian blue. 

Cloud Colour. — Light masticot, or lake and 
white, shaded with blue verditer. 

Another. — Constant white and Indian ink, and 
a little vermilion. 

Another. — White, with a little lake and blue 
verditer, make a good cloud colour for that part 
next the horizon. 

Crimson. — Lake and white, with a little ver- 
milion, shaded with lake and carmine. 

Flame Colour. — Vermilion and orpiment, heigh- 
tened with white. 

Another. — Gamboge, shaded with minium and 
red lead. 

Flesh Colour. — Ceruse, red lead, and lake, for 
a swarthy complexion, and yellow ochre. 

Another. — Constant white and a little carmine? 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 253 

shaded with Spanish liquorice washed with carmine. 

French Green. — Light pink and Dutch bice, 
shaded with green pink. 

Glass G-rey. — Ceruse, with a little blue of any 
kind. 

Hair Colour. — Masticot, ochre, umber, ceruse, 
and cherry-stone black. 

Lead Colour.— Indigo and white. 

Light Blue. — Blue bice, heightened with flake 
white. 

Another. — Blue verditer, and white of any sort, 
well ground. 

Light Green. — Pink, smalt, and white. 

Another. — Blue verditer and gamboge. 

Another. — Gamboge and verdigris. This is 
chiefly used for the ground colours of trees, 
fields, &c. 

Lion Tawney. — Red lead and masticot, shaded 
with umber. 

Murrey. — Lake and white lead. 

Orange. — Hed lead and a little masticot, shaded 
with umber. 

Orange Tawney. — Lake, light pink, a little mas- 
ticot, shaded with gall-stone and lake. 

Pearl Colour. — Carmine, a little white, shaded 

with lake. 
m3 



254 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

Popinjay Crreen. — Green and masticot ; or pink 
and a little indigo, shaded with indigo. 

Purple. — Indigo, Spanish brown, and white ; or 
blue bice, red and white lead ; or blue bice and lake. 

Russet. — Cherry-stone black and white. 

Scarlet. — Red lead and lake, with or without 
vermilion. 

Sea G-reen.— Bice, pink and white, shaded with 
pink. 

Sky Colour. — Light masticot and white, for the 
lowest and lightest parts ; second, red ink and 
white ; third, blue bice and white ; fourth, blue 
bice alone. These are all to be softened into one 
another at the edges, so as not to appear harsh. 

Sky Colour for Drapery. — Blue bice and ceruse, 
or ultramarine and white, shaded with indigo. 

Straiv Colour. — Masticot and a very little lake, 
shaded with Dutch pink. 

Yellow Colour. — Indigo, white, and lake ; or 
fine Dutch bice and lake, shaded with indigo ; or 
litmus smalt and bice, the latter predominant. 

Water. — Blue and white, shaded with blue, and 
heightened with white. 

Another. — Blue verdigris, shaded with indigo, 
and heightened with white. 

To prevent Colours from Cracking. — Boil 2ozs. 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 255 

of the best and clearest glue, with 1 pint of clear 
water, and a Joz. of alum, till dissolved. With 
this temper those colours intended for the sky. 

To make a Solution of Crum. — Dissolve loz. of 
white gum arabic, and a Joz. of double refined 
sugar, in a quart of spring water ; strain it through 
a piece of muslin, and bottle it to keep it free from 
dust. 

To keep Flies from the Work. — Having pre- 
pared the gum water for the colours, add a little 
coloquintida. 

To prepare Alum Water. — Take 4ozs. of alum, 
and 1 pint of spring water ; boil it till the alum is 
thoroughly dissolved, and then filter it through 
blotting-paper. 

To use Alum Water. — Before laying on the 
colours, take some of this water, hot, and with a 
sponge wet the back of the paper, which, if not 
good, must be wet three or four times, letting the 
paper dry each time before wetting it again. This 
will prevent the sinking of the colours, and give 
them additional lustre. 

To make Lime Water. — Put unslacked lime in 
a well-glazed pan ; cover it with pure water, and 
let it remain for one day. Then strain off the 
water. This water will change sap-green into blue. 



256 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

553. TO PREPARE WASH COLOURS FOR 
MAPS. 

Blue. — Dilute Saxon blue with water ; or to the 
solution of litmus add distilled vinegar. 

Green. — Dissolve verdigris in distilled water and 
add gum arabic. Or, dissolve sap-green in water 
and add gum. 

Red. — Steep Brazil dust in vinegar, with alum. 
Or, dissolve litmus in water and add spirit of wine. 
Or, steep cochineal in water, strain, and add gum. 

Yellow. — Dissolve gamboge in water ; or French 
berries steeped in water, the liquor strained, and 
gum arabic added. 

554. TO MIX WATER-COLOURS FOR 
ANIMALS. 

Horses, black. — Black lightly laid on, shaded 
with Keating's black and bistre, heightened with 
masticot. 

Horses, chestnut brown. — Red ochre and black 
mixed together, shaded with black, heightened 
with red ochre and white. 

Horses, grey. — Black and white mixed, shaded 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 257 

with black, white, and bistre ; heightened with pure 
water. 

Lions. — Colour much in the same manner as 
horses, adding lake in the ground colour. 

Bears. — Brown ochre, red ochre, and black, 
mixed ; shaded with bistre and ivory black. 

Wolves. — Spanish liquorice and black, shaded 
with black. 

Asses. — Black and white mixed ; or, add a little 
brown ochre, shaded with black. 

Elephants. — Black, white, and Spanish liquor- 
ice, mixed ; shaded with black and bistre ; the 
inner part of the nose, vermilion and white, shaded 
with black. 

Monkeys. — Dutch pink and black, heightened 
with masticot and white : the face, black and bistre 
mixed, as also their feet ; their bodies, shaded un- 
derneath with black and pink mixed with a little 
brown ochre. 

555. FRUIT IN WATER COLOURS. 

Apples. — Thin masticot mixed with verdigris, 
shaded with brown ochre. 

Cherries. — Vermilion and lake, shaded with car- 
mine, heightened with vermilion and white. 



258 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

Grapes, blue. — Dark purple shaded with blue ; 
the bloom, bice. 

Grapes, white. — Verdigris and masticot mixed, 
shaded with thin verdigris heightened with masticot 
and white. 

Peaches. — Thin masticot shaded with brown 
ochre ; the bloom, lake heightened with white. 

Pears. — Masticot deepened and mellowed with 
brown ochre. 

Strawberries. — White ; draw it over with ver- 
milion and lake, shaded with fine lake, heightened 
with red lead and masticot mixed, and then with 
white ; stipple them with white and thin lead. 

556. TO PAINT FLOWERS. 

Anemones. — A thin wash of gamboge shaded 
with bistre; or carmine and sap-green blended 
together. The stripes carmine, shaded with the 
same ; indigo in the darkest parts, or stipple with it. 

Leaves. — Sap green, shaded with indigo and 
French berries ; the stalk brown. 

Honeysuckles.— Inside of the petals, white shaded 
with sap-green, or gamboge and bistre. 

The insides are to be shown by curling the leaves 
back at the ends, or by splitting them. 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 259 

The outsides, a thin wash of carmine and lake 
mixed, shaded with carmine — indigo for the darkest 
shades. 

Stalks. — Sap-green and carmine. 

Leaves. — Sap-green, shaded with indigo and 
French berries. 

Hoses. — A light tint of pure carmine, over which 
another equally light of Peruvian blue ; proceed 
with the darker shades of carmine of the best sort. 
In the darkest part of the flower add a little indigo 
to give a roundness. If the seeds are seen lay on 
gamboge, shaded with gall-stone. 

Leaves. — Upper side, sap-green, shaded with in- 
digo and French berries mixed ; under-side, white 
indigo and sap green mixed, shaded with the same. 

Stalks. — Sap-green and carmine, shaded with 
indigo. 

Rose-buds. — A pale wash of carmine, shaded 
with a stronger wash of the same. 

Stalks and leaves, sap green with a slight wash 
of carmine. 

557. BIRDS IN WATER-COLOURS. 

Eagles. — Black and brown, shaded with indigo ; 
feathers heightened by brown ochre and white ; 



260 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

beak and claws saffron, shaded with bistre ; eyes 
vermilion, heightened with masticot or saffron, 
shaded with vermilion. 

Creese. — Ceruse shaded with black ; legs, black : 
bill, red. 

Owls. — Ochre mixed with white, in different 
shades ; legs, yellow ochre. 

Pheasants. — White and black mixed ; legs, 
Dutch pink, shaded with black. 

Sivans. — White shaded with black ; the legs and 
bills black ; eyes yellow ; a ball in the midst. 

Turkeys. — Back, black and white mixed, shaded 
off to a white underneath ; sprinkled and shaded 
with black. 

558. LANDSCAPES IN WATER-COLOURS. 

Sketch the outlines faintly with a black-lead 
pencil. Then colour. 

Colours. — The most useful are : lake, burnt 
ochre, gamboge, indigo, light red, sepia, Prussian 
blue, sienna, and burnt umber. 

The gray colour is made of burnt umber, indigo, 
and lake ; each rubbed separately in a saucer, and 
then so mixed in a fourth saucer as to produce the 
exact colour — a warm gray. This is thinned for 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 261 

the light tints, as sky and distances. Deeper is to 
be used for the shadows and near parts, softening 
with water till the exact effect is produced. 

Buildings are sometimes tinted with a mixture 
of lake and gamboge. Burnt ochre is also used. 
The shadows have an excess of lake. 

Breadths of Light are obtained by destroying 
the scattered lights with grays. 

Clouds are produced by a thin mixture of indigo 
and lake. They should be tinted with sepia. The 
lower or horizontal clouds are tinged with ultra- 
marine. 

Figures are touched with lake and indigo. 

Force is acquired by adding sepia to indigo, in 
the cold parts, and sepia with lake to the glowing 
parts. 

Grass is washed with a mixture of burnt sienna, 
indigo, and gamboge ; that in shadow has more 
indigo. Grass and bushes may be brought out by 
a tint of gamboge ; distances may be heightened 
by lake. 

Hills, retiring. — Tint the whole with weak blue : 
then the nearer ones with indigo and lake ; add a 
little gamboge to the next, keeping one subordinate 
to the other : the most distant being lost in the 
aerial tints. 



262 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

Land, distant. — Ultramarine and lake. Ground 
near is tinted with ochre. 

Road and Paths. — A mixture of lake, burnt 
umber, and burnt sienna. It may be tinted with 
ochre. 

Smoke. — Lake and indigo. 

Trees, distant. — Ultramarine, with a wash of 
indigo, gamboge, and burnt sienna, tinted with 
gray. The middle distance trees have a thin wash 
of burnt sienna and gamboge. Nearer trees a wash 
of burnt sienna, indigo, and gamboge. In the 
shadows more indigo is used. 

Opposing masses of trees are tinted with sepia 
and indigo. 

Windows. — Indigo and burnt umber. 

559. POTICHOMANIE. 

This elegant accomplishment, which has become 
so extremely popular and fashionable, promises not 
only to supercede altogether many of those ac- 
complishments which have hitherto absorbed the 
attention of our fair countrywomen, but to rank 
among the fine arts. 

Advantages of this Art. — It possesses many ad- 
vantages : and the process is simple and easily 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 268 

acquired. It is an exceedingly pleasing and in- 
teresting employment, requiring no previous know- 
ledge of drawing, yet affording abundant space for 
the exercise of the most exquisite taste. The time 
employed is richly repaid; the results produced 
are of actual value ; articles of ornament and 
domestic utility being produced, in perfect imita- 
tion of the most beautiful Chinese and Japanese 
porcelain, of Sevres and Dresden china, and of 
every form that is usual in the productions of the 
Ceramic Art. It furnishes an inexhaustible and 
inexpensive source for the production of useful and 
elegant presents, which will be carefully preserved 
as tokens of friendship, and as proofs of the taste 
and talent of the giver. 

Articles necessary in the Art of Potichomanie. — 
Glass vases, (Potiches en verre,) of shapes suitable 
to the different orders of Chinese, Japanese, Etrus- 
can, and French porcelain, Alumettes, &c. ; cups, 
plates, &c, &c, of Sevres and Dresden design* 
Sheets of coloured drawings or prints, character- 
istic representations of the designs or decorations 
suitable to every kind of porcelain and china. A 
bottle of liquid gum, and three or four hog-hair 
brushes. A bottle of varnish, and very fine pointed 
scissors for cutting out. An assortment of colours 



264 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

for the foundation, in bottles. A packet of gold 
powder, and a glass vessel for diluting the colours. 
Directions. — We will suppose the object selected 
for imitation to be a Chinese vase. After providing 
yourself with a plain glass vase, of the proper shape, 
you take your sheets of coloured prints on which 
are depicted subjects characteristic of that peculiar 
style. From these sheets you can select a great 
variety of designs, of the most varied character, on 
the arrangement and grouping of which you can 
exercise your own taste. After you have fully 
decided upon the arrangement of your drawings, 
cut them out accurately with a pair of scissors, 
then apply some liquid gum carefully over the 
coloured side of the drawings, and stick them on 
the inside of the vase, according to your own pre- 
vious arrangement — pressing them down till they 
adhere closely, without any bubbles of air appear- 
ing between the glass and the drawings. "When 
the drawings have had sufficient time to dry, take 
a fine brush and cover every part of them (without 
touching the glass) with a coat of parchment size 
or liquid gum, which prevents the oil colour (which 
is next applied) from sinking into or becoming ab- 
sorbed by the paper. When the interior of the 
vase is perfectly dry, and any particles of gum size 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 265 

that may have been left on the glass have been re- 
moved, your vase is ready for the final and most 
important process. You have now to tint the 
whole of the vase with a proper colour to give it 
the appearance of porcelain ; for up to this time, 
you will recollect, it is but a glass vase, with a few 
coloured prints stuck thereon. Select from your 
stock of prepared colours, in bottles, the tint most 
appropriate to the kind of china you are imitating, 
(as we are now supposed to be making a Chinese 
vase, it will be of a greenish hue,) mix fully suffi- 
cient colour in a glass vessel, then pour the whole 
into the vase. Take now your vase in both hands, 
and turn it round continually in the same direction, 
until the colour is equally spread over the whole of 
the interior : when this is satisfactorily accom- 
plished, pour back the remainder. If the prepared 
colour is too thick, add a little varnish to the mix- 
ture before applying it. If preferred, the colour 
may be laid on with a soft brush. Should the vase 
be intended to hold water, the interior must be 
well varnished after the above operations, or lined 
with zinc or tin foil. If the potichomanist wishes 
to decorate the mouth of his vase with a gold bor- 
der, he can do so by mixing some gold powder in 
a few drops of the essence of lavender and some 



266 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

varnish, applying it on the vase with a fine brush ; 
or he can purchase gold bands, already prepared 
for application, in varied sheets, suitable to the 
potichonianie designs. Potichomanists have found 
the art capable of greater results than the mere 
imitation of porcelain vases, by the introduction of 
glass panels (previously decorated with beautiful 
flowers on a white ground) into drawing-room 
doors, and also into walls which, being panel 
papered, offer opportunities of introducing centre 
pieces of the same character as the doors ; elegant 
chess and work-tables, folding and cheval-screens, 
panels for cabinets, chiffoniers and book-cases, slabs 
for pier and console-tables, glove-boxes, covers for 
books, music, albums, &c. The most common cause 
of failure is, that the drawings inside are not thor- 
oughly pressed down. 

560. COLOURING FOR CHEESE. 

The colouring for cheese is, or at least should 
be, Spanish arnotto ; but as soon as colouring be- 
came general in this country, a colour of an adul- 
terated kind was exposed for sale in almost every 
shop ; the weight of a guinea and a half of real 
Spanish arnotto is sufficient for a cheese of fifty 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 267 

pounds' weight. If a considerable part of the 
cream of the night's milk be taken for butter, 
more colouring will be requisite. The leaner the 
cheese is, the more colouring it requires. The 
manner of using arnotto is to tie up, in a linen rag, 
the quantity deemed sufficient, and put into half a 
pint of warm water over night. This infusion is 
put into the tub of milk, in the morning, with the 
. rennet infusion ; dipping the rag into the milk, 
and rubbing it against the palm of the hand as 
long as any colour runs out. 

561. TO SHARPEN EDGE TOOLS. 

Take equal parts of flour of emery and crocus ; 
make into a paste with sweet oil ; have now a piece 
of buck-skin, (hemlock tan,) tack it by each end on 
a piece of board, with the grain uppermost ; then 
on this spread a little of the paste, and sharpen 
your tools on it. You will, indeed, be astonished 
at the effect. Try it. 

562. BLUE COMPOSITION FOR DYEING. 

Take equal parts of vitriol and indigo ; powder 
them very finely, separately, and mix. 



268 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

563. TO GILD LETTERS ON VELLUM OR 
PAPER. 

Letters written on vellum or paper are gilded in 
three ways ; in the first, a little size is mixed with 
the ink, and the letters are written as usual ; when 
they are dry, a slight degree of stickiness is pro- 
duced by breathing on them, upon which the gold 
leaf is immediately applied, and by a little pres- 
sure may be made to adhere with sufficient firm- 
ness. In the second method, some white lead or 
chalk is ground up with strong size, and the letters 
are made with this by means of a brush ; when the 
mixture is almost dry, the gold leaf may be laid 
on, and afterwards burnished. The last method 
is to mix up some gold powder with size, and make 
the letters of this by means of a brush. 

564. TO PRESERVE STRAWBERRY 
PLANTS. 

Sir Joseph Banks, from a variety of experi- 
ments, and the experience of many years, recom- 
mends a general revival of the now almost obsolete 
practice of laying straw under strawberry plants, 
when the fruit begins to swell ; by which means 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS, 269 

the roots are shaded from the sun, the waste of 
moisture by evaporation prevented, the leaning 
fruit kept from damage by resting on the ground, 
particularly in wet weather, and much labour in 
watering saved. Twenty trusses of long straw are 
sufficient for 1800 feet of plants. 

•565. MANAGEMENT OF STRAWBERRY 
PLANTS. 

On the management of strawberries in June and 
July, the future prosperity of them greatly de- 
pends ; and if each plant has not been kept sepa- 
rate, by cutting off the runners, they will be in a 
state of confusion, and you will find three different 
sorts of plants. 1. Old plants, whose roots are 
turned black, hard, and woody. 2. Young plants, 
not strong enough to flower. 3. Flowering plants, 
which ought only to be there, and perhaps not 
many of them. Before the time of flowering is 
quite over, examine them, and pull up every old 
plant which has not flowered ; for, if once they 
have omitted to flower, you may depend upon it 
they never will produce any after, being too old, 
and past bearing ; but to be fully convinced, leave 

N 



270 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

two or three, set a stick to them, and observe them 
the next year. If the young plants, runners of 
last year, be too thick, take some of them away, 
and do not leave them nearer than a foot of the 
scarlet, alpines, and wood, and fifteen or sixteen 
inches of all the larger sorts; and in the first 
rainy weather in July or August, take them all up, 
and make a fresh plantation with them, and they 
will be very strong plants for flowering next year. 
Old beds, even if the plants be kept single at their 
proper distance, examine, and pull all the old 
plants which have not flowered. When the fruit is 
nearly all gathered, examine them again, and cut 
off the runners ; but if you want to make a fresh 
plantation, leave some of the two first, and cut off 
all the rest. Then stir up the ground with a 
trowel, or three-pronged fork, and in August they 
will be fit to transplant. If you have omitted 
in July, do not fail in August, that the runners 
may make good roots, to be transplanted in Sep- 
tember ; for, if later, the worms will draw them 
out of the ground, and the frost afterwards will 
prevent them from striking root ; the consequence 
of which is, their not flowering the next spring ; 
and you will lose a year. 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 271 

566. THE LANGUAGE OF FLOWERS. 

What each flower enumerated, signifies, when 
sent to a friend or lover. 

Almond, flowering— Concealed love. 
Althea, Frutex—l am deeply in love. 
Amaranth— Immortality, or piety. 
Anemone— Fading hope. 
Arbor- Vitse— Unchanging friendship. 
Auricula, ScarUt-Tnte. ^ou are proud. 
Bachelors Button— Hope in love. 
Balm— I long for your society. 
Bahamine— Impatience ; or, pray come. 
Bay Leaf— I change but in dying. 
Box— I believe in your constancy. 
Buttercup— Miches. You are rich. 
Calla Mhiopica— Magnificent beauty. 

Carnation— PMq and beauty. 

Camelia Japonica— Surpassing excellence. 

Odar— Think of me. 

China airier— Caprice. 

Cypress— Despair, and without hope. 

DafcZia— Dignity— I will sustain it. 

Daisy— YouthM beauty. 

Dandelion- Coquetry, I accuse you of. 

Eglantine— I wound to heal. 
n2 



272 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

Forget-me-not — True love for ever. 

Fox-glove — Insincerity. You are false. 

Geranium — Gentility and elegance. 

Gilly-Flower — Thou art fair. 

Golden Rod — Encouragement. You will succeed. 

Grass — Submission. 

Heart's Fase — Love in idleness. 

Heliotrope — Devotion. Let us pray for each 
other. 

Hellebore — Calumny. You have listened. 

Hollyhock — Ambition. I seek glory. 

Honeysuckle — Dost thou love me ? 

Houstonia — Content ever with thee. 

Hyacinth, Purple — Sorrow. I am sad. 

Hydrangea — Heartlessness. 

Ivy — Wedded love. We are happy. 

Jasmine, White — I desire a return of my affec- 
tion. 

Larkspur — Haughtiness. 

Laurel — Ambition. I will win. 

Laurustinus — A token. Pray remember. 

Lavender — Acknowledgment. 

Lilac — Fastidiousness. 

Lily, White — Purity and beauty. 

Magnolia — You are beautiful. 

Marigold — Jealousy — I have cause. 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 273 

Mignionette — I live for thee. 
Moss — Patience, or pray wait. 
Oak-Leaf — Courage. I will endure. 
Passion-Flower — Piety. Trust in God. 
Periwinkle — Memory. Never forget. 
Pink — Household love. I am at home. 
Poppy — Forgetfulness. 
Primrose — Neglected merit. 
Rose — Love, or I love you. 
Hue — Disdain. Go : never return. 
Saffron — Marriage — when ? 
Snoiv-drop — Faithful in adversity. 
Thyme — Thriftiness. I am diligent. 
Tulip — Beautiful eyes. Look on me. 
Violet — I dream of thee. 
Willon: — Forsaken — never more. 
Wheat — Prosperity — I wish thee. 
Yew — Penitence. I am sorry. 

567. FRENCH POLISH FOR BOOTS, cc:. 

Logwood chips, half a pound ; glue, quarter of a 
pound : indigo, pounded very fine, quarter of an 
ounce ; soft soap, quarter of an ounce ; isinglass, 
quarter of an ounce ; boil these ingredients in two 
pints of vinegar and one of water, during ten min- 



274 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

utes after ebulition, then strain the liquid. When 
cold it is fit for use. To apply the French polish, 
the dirt must be washed from the boots, &c. ; when 
these are quite dry, the liquid polish is put on with 
a bit of sponge. 

568. AN ILLUMINOUS BOTTLE. 

By putting a piece of phosphorus, the size of a 
pea, into a phial, and adding boiling oil until the 
bottle is a third full, a luminous bottle is formed : 
for, on taking out the cork, to admit atmospheric 
air, the empty space in the bottle will become 
luminous. Whenever the stopper is taken out in 
the night, sufficient light will be evolved to show 
the hour upon a watch ; and if care be taken to 
keep it in general well closed, it will preserve its 
illuminative power for several months. 

569. CHINESE METHOD OF MENDING 
CHINA. 

Take a piece of flint-glass, beat it to a fine pow- 
der, and grind it well with the white of an egg, 
and it joins china without riveting, so that no art 
can break it in the same place. You are to 



Or SCIENTIFIC SECRETS, 275 

observe, that the composition is to be ground 
extremely fine. 

570. TO MAKE STILTON CHEESE. 

Take the night's cream, and put it to the morn- 
ing's new milk, with the rennet ; when the curd is 
come it is not to be broken, as is clone with other 
cheeses, but take it out with a soil dish all together, 
and place it on a sieve to drain gradually, and, as 
it drains, keep gradually pressing it, till it becomes 
firm and dry ; then place it in a wooden hoop : 
afterwards to be kept dry on boards, turned fre- 
quently, with cloth-binders round it, which are to 
be tightened as occasion requires. In some dairies 
the cheeses, after being taken out of the wooden 
hoop, are bound tight round with a cloth, which 
cloth is changed every day until the cheese be- 
comes firm enough to support itself : after the cloth 
is taken away, they are rubbed every clay all over, 
for two or three months, with a brush ; and if the 
weather is damp or moist, twice a day ; and even 
before the cloth is taken off, the top and bottom 
are well rubbed every day. 

571. TO PRESERVE BEER. 

In a cask containing eighteen gallons of beer. 



276 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

becoming vapid, put a pint of ground malt, sus- 
pended in a bag, and close the bung perfectly ; the 
beer will be improved during the whole time of 
drawing it for use. 

572. TO RECOVER SOUR BEER. 

When beer has become sour, put into the barrel 
some oyster-shells, calcined to whiteness, or a little 
fine chalk or whiting. Any of these will correct 
the acidity, and make the beer brisk and spark- 
ling ; but it cannot be kept long after these addi- 
tions are made. 

573. CARVACROL— THE NEW REMEDY 
FOR TOOTH-ACHE. 

Dr. Bushman gives (in the Medical Times) the 
following account of this new compound, which, 
though well known in Germany as a quick and 
effectual cure for one of the most worrying ills 
" that flesh is heir to," is now for the first time 
published in England. Carvacrol is an oily liquid, 
with a strong taste and unpleasant odor. It may 
be made by the action of iodine on oil of caraway 
or on camphor. A few drops applied on cotton 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS* 277 

wool (to a decayed and painful tooth; give imme- 
diate relief. Carvacrol much resembles creosote 
in appearance, and is used in similar cases of tooth- 
ache, but its effect is much more speedy and certain. 

574. CAMPHOR CERATE FOR CHAPPED 
HAXDS. 

The following receipt was given to the contribu- 
tor by a maid of honour to Queen Victoria. It is 
an excellent one. Scrape into an earthen vessel 
one ounce and a half of spermaceti and half an 
ounce of white wax ; add six drachms of pounded 
camphor, and four tablespoonsful of the best olive 
oil. Let it stand near the fire till it dissolves, 
stirring it well when liquid. Before the hands are 
washed, rub them thoroughly with a little of the 
cerate, then wash them as usual. Putting the 
cerate on before retiring answers very well. This 
quantity costs about twenty-five cents, and will 
last three winters. The vessel it is kept in should 
be covered, to prevent evaporation. 

575. THE WAT TO WEALTH. 

' ; The way to wealth," says Doctor Franklin, 
" is as plain as the way to market/' 
*3 



278 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

Many men, however, either miss the way, or 
stumble and fall on the road. 

Fortune, they say, is a fickle dame — full of her 
freaks and caprices ; who blindly distributes her 
favours without the slightest discrimination. So 
inconstant, so wavering is she represented, that 
her most faithful votaries can place no reliance on 
her promises. 

Disappointment, they tell us, is the lot of those 
'who make offerings at her shrine. Now, all this is 
a vile slander upon the dear blind lady. 

Although wealth often appears the result of mere 
accident, or a fortunate concurrence of favourable 
circumstances, without any exertion of skill or 
foresight, yet every man of sound health and un- 
impaired mind may become wealthy, if he takes 
die proper steps. 

Foremost in the list of requisites, are honesty 
and strict integrity in every transaction of life. 
Let a man have the reputation of being fair and 
upright in his dealings, and he will possess the 
confidence of all who know him. 

Without these qualities, every other merit will 
prove unavailing. Ask concerning a man, " Is he 
active and capable V* Yes. " Industrious, tem- 
perate, and regular in his habits ?" yes. 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 279 

"Is he honest? is he trustworthy?" Why, as 
to that, I am sorry to say that he is not to be 
trusted ; he wants watching ; he is a little tricky, 
and will take an undue advantage, if he can. 

" Then I will have nothing to do with him :" 
will be the invariable reply. 

Next, let us consider the advantages of a cautious 
circumspection in our intercourse with the world. 
Slowness of belief, and a proper distrust are essen- 
tial to success. 

The credulous and confiding are ever the dupes 
of knaves and imposters. Ask those who have lost 
their property how it happened, and you will find 
in most cases it has been owing to misplaced con- 
fidence. 

One has lost by endorsing ; another by credi- 
ting ; another by false representations ; all of which 
a little more foresight and a little more distrust 
would have prevented. 

In the affairs of this world, men are not saved 
by faith, but by the want of it. 

Judge of men by what they do, not by what they 
say. Believe in looks rather than in words. 

Before trusting a man, before putting it in his 
power to cause you a loss, possess yourself of every 
available information relative to him. 



280 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

Learn his history, his habits, inclinations and 
propensities ; his reputation for honesty, industry, 
frugality, and punctuality ; his prospects, resources, 
supports, advantages and disadvantages ; his inten- 
tions and motives of action ; who are his friends 
and enemies, and what are his good or bad qualities. 

You may learn a man's good qualities and ad- 
vantages from his friends — his bad qualities and 
disadvantages from his enemies. Make due allow- 
ance for exaggeration in both. 

Finally, examine carefully before engaging in 
any thing, and act with energy afterward. Have 
the hundred eyes of Argus beforehand, and the 
hundred hands of Briarius afterward. 

576. MAXIMS BY DR. FKANKLIN ON THE 
WAY TO WEALTH. 

God helps those who help themselves. 

Many words won't fill a bushel. 

Sloth, like rust, consumes faster than labour 
wears. 

The key often used is always bright. 

Dost thou love life? Then do not squander 
time, for that is the stuff life is made of. 

The sleeping fox catches no poultry. 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 281 

There will be time enough for sleep, in the grave. 

If time be of all things the most precious, wast- 
ing time must be the greatest prodigality. 

Lost time is never found again. 

What we call time enough, always proves little 
enough. 

Sloth makes all things difficult, but industry 
all easy. 

He that riseth late must trot all day, and shall 
scarce overtake his business at night. 

Laziness travels so slowly, that poverty soon 
overtakes him. 

Drive thy business, lest it drive thee. 

Early to bed and early to rise, makes a man 
healthy, wealthy, and wise. 

Industry need not wish. 

He that lives upon hope, will die fasting. 

There are no gains without pains. 

Help, hands, for I have no lands. 

He that hath a trade, hath an estate, and he 
that hath a calling, hath an office of profit and 
honour ; but the trade must be worked at, and the 
calling well followed, or neither will enable us to 
pay our taxes. 

The drone in the hive makes no honey. 



282 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

At the working-man's house hunger looks in, 
but does not enter. 

Industry pays debts, but despair increaseth them. 

Diligence is the mother of good luck. 

God gives all things to industry. 

Plough deep while sluggards sleep, and you will 
have corn to sell and to keep. 

One to-day is worth two to-morrow. 

Have you somewhat to do to-morrow, do it to-day. 

If you were a servant, would you not be ashamed 
that a good master should catch you idle ? Are 
you, then, your own master ? be ashamed to catch 
yourself idle. 

The cat in gloves catches no mice. 

Light strokes fell great oaks. 

By diligence and patience, the mouse ate into 
the cable. 

Employ thy time well, if thou meanest to gain 
leisure ; and since thou art not sure of a minute, 
throw not away an hour. 

A life of leisure and a life of laziness, are two 
things. 

Troubles spring from idleness, and grievous toils 
from needless ease. 

Many would live by their wits, without labour, 
but they break for want of stock. 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 283 

Industry gives comfort, plenty, and respect. 

Now I have a sheep and a cow, everbody bids 
me good-morrow. 

I never saw an oft-removed tree, 

Nor yet an oft-removed family, 

That throve so well as one that settled be. 

Three removes are as bad as a fire. 

Keep thy shop, and thy shop will keep thee. 

If you would have your business done, go ; if 
not, send. 

He that by the plough would thrive, 
Himself must either hold or drive. 

The eye of the master will do more work than 
both his hands. 

Want of care does us more damage than want 
of knowledge. 

Not to oversee workmen, is to leave them your 
purse open. 

In the affairs of the world, men are saved not 
by faith, but for the want of it. 

Learning is to the studious, and riches to the 
careful, as well as power to the bold, and heaven 
to the virtuous. 

If you would have a faithful servant, and one 
that you like, serve yourself. 



281 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

A little neglect may breed great mischief. 
For want of a nail the shoe was lost ; 
For want of a shoe the horse was lost : 
For want of a horse the rider was lost — 
Being overtaken and slain by the enemy. 

If a man save not as he gets, he may keep his 
nose to the grindstone all his life, and die not 
worth a groat. 

A fat kitchen makes a lean will. 
Many estates are spent in the getting, 
Since women for tea, forsook spinning and knitting, 
And men for punch, forsook hewing and splitting. 

The Indians did not make Spain rich, because 
her out-goes were greater than her incomes. 

"What maintains one vice would bring up two 
children. 

Many a little makes a mickle. 

Beware of little expenses ; a small leak will 
sink a great ship. 

Who dainties love, shall beggars prove. 

Fools make feasts, and wise men eat them. 

Buy what thou dost not need, and ere long thou 
shalt sell thy necessaries. 

At a great bargain pause awhile. 

It is foolish to lay out money in the purchase of 
repentance. 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 285 

Wise men learn by other's harms, fools scarcely 
by their own. 

Silks and satins, scarlet and velvets, put out the 
kitchen fire. 

A ploughman on his legs, is higher than agentle- 
man on his knees. 

Always taking out of the meal-tub, and never 
putting in, soon comes to the bottom. 

When the well is dry we know the worth of water. 
If you would know the value of money, try to 
borrow. 

Eond pride of dress is sure a very curse ; 
Ere fancy you consult, consult your purse. 
Pride is as loud a beggar as want, and a great 
deal more saucy. 

Vessels large may venture more, 
But little boats should keep the shore. 
Pride that shines on vanity sups on contempt. 
Pride breakfasted with plenty, dined with pov- 
erty, and supped with infamy. 

What is a butterfly ? At best 
He's but a caterpillar dress' d ; 
The gaudy fop's his picture just. 
The second vice is lying : the first is running in 
debt. 

Lying rides upon debt's back. 



286 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

It is hard for an empty bag to stand upright. 

Creditors have better memories than debtors. 

Creditors are a superstitious sect, great observers 
of set days and times. 

Those have a short Lent who owe money to be 
paid at Easter. 

The borrower is a slave to the lender, and the 
debtor to the creditor. 

For age and want save while you may, 
No morning sun lasts a whole day. 
Get what you can, and what you get hold ; 
'Tis the stone that will turn all your lead into gold. 

Experience keeps a dear school ; but fools will 
learn in no other, and scarce in that ; for we may 
give advice, but we cannot give conduct. 

They that will not be counseled cannot be helped. 

Distrust and caution are the parents of security. 

After feasts made, the maker shakes his head. 

There is neither honour nor gain got in dealing 
with a villain. 

Visits should be like a winter's day, short. 
A house without woman and firelight. 
Is like a body without soul or sprite. 

Light purse, heavy heart. 

Ne'er take a wife till thou hast a house (and a 
fire) to put her in. 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 287 

Great talkers, little doers. 

Relation without friendship, friendship without 
power, power without will, will without effect, effect 
without profit, and profit without virtue, are not 
worth a farthing. 

He has changed his one-ejed horse for a blind 
one. 

573. EXCELLENT PASTE. 

Excellent paste for fruit or meat pies may be 
made with two-thirds of wheat flower, one-third of 
the flour of boiled potatoes, and some butter or 
dripping : the whole being brought to a proper 
consistence with warm water, and a small quantity 
of yeast added when lightness is desired. This 
will also make very pleasant cakes for breakfast, 
and may be made with or without spices, fruit, &c. 

Picnic Biscuits. — Take two ounces of fresh 
butter, and well work it with a pound of flour. 
Mix thoroughly with it half a salt-spoonful of 
pure carbonate of soda ; two ounces of sugar : 
mingle thoroughly with the flour : make up the 
paste with spoonsful of milk — it will require 
scarcely a quarter of o pint. Knead smooth, roil 



288 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

a quarter of an inch thick, cut in rounds about the 
size of the top of a small wine-glass ; roll these out 
thin, prick them well, lay them on lightly floured 
tins, and bake in a gentle oven until crisp ; when 
cold put into dry canisters. Thin cream used 
instead of milk, in the paste, will enrich the 
biscuits. Caraway seeds or ginger can be added, 
to vary these at pleasure. 

579. BLACK CAKE. 

Beat separately the whites and yolks of three 
eggs. Mix half a pound of butter with one pound 
of flour, one tumbler of milk, one tumbler of 
molasses, one pound of sugar. Then put in the 
eggs and one and one-half teaspoonful of soda, 
Wine, currants, raisins and citron to your taste. 

580. MAIZE CAKE. 

Take six eggs, a paper of Oswego corn starch, 
one pound of loaf sugar, half pound of butter, half 
teacup of milk, half a teaspoon of soda, one tea- 
spoon of cream of tartar, the grated rind of the 
lemon ; dissolve the soda in half the milk, and add 
it the last thing. Bake in an oven as quick as 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 289 

you can make it without burning. It is a very 
delicate cake to bake well. Use flat pans, a little 
deeper than Spanish bun pans, and put paper over 
the top. 

581. COMPOSITION CAKE. 

Take three pounds of flour, half pound of 
butter, one and three-quarter pounds of sugar, 
three eggs— beat the eggs — add half a pint of 
yeast to them, half a pint of new milk, three 
spoonsful of rose-water, and a little cinnamon and 
cloves : put the butter in the flour and half the 
sugar, the other half mix with the eggs : make a 
hole in the flour, pour the ingredients into it ; set 
it to lighten in the morning by the fire : after it is 
made out into rolls, you may put it into tins, and 
set it before the fire for an hour or two ; when 
sufficiently risen, bake it in rather a slow oven. 

582. GINGER BISCUITS AXD CAKES. 

Work into small crumbs three ounces of butter, 
two pounds of flour, add three ounces of powdered 
sugar and two of ginger, in fine powder; knead 
into a stiff paste, with new milk, roll thin, cut out 
with a cutter: bake in a slow oven until crisp 
through ; keep of a pale colour. 



290 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

583. TO SILVER IRON WITH SIL- 
VER FOIL. 

This is the methed now adopted all over Canada 
and the United States for silvering iron for car- 
riages, cutters, &c. You may get the silver foil, 
(which is sometimes called silver plate,) of any 
thickness you please, and by so doing, have the 
iron plated either light or heavy. If you get 
small iron rods plated they will cost you from 
four to five cents per inch : you may do it your- 
self for one-quarter the price. 

Directions in full. — First polish the iron you are 
about to plate, then wet it with soldering fluid, (re- 
ceipt No. 21,) then give it a coat of solder, (receipt 
No. 22 ;) this is done by laying a piece of solder on 
the iron, and spreading it over with a heated sol- 
dering iron ; or it is sometimes done by having the 
solder melted, and then dipping the iron to be sil- 
vered into it. After the iron is coated by either of 
these methods, with solder, some workmen propose 
to then place it in the fire for a few moments, that the 
coating of solder may be thereby made smoother. 
The next thing then to be done is to dampen 
with soldering-fluid, then lay on your silver foil, 
and rub it over with a soldering iron heated to such 
a degree as to melt the solder, and thereby fasten 



OF SCIENTIFIC SECRETS. 291 

the plate at once to the iron, or rather to the 
solder on the iron ; or else as some workmen pre- 
fer, have your soldering iron only hot enough to 
slightly stick the foil to the solder, and then place 
the article in the fire until the solder melts, 
and thereby the foil becomes firmly united with 
with the iron. Whichever of these methods you 
adopt, as soon as the silver is united to the iron, 
you must then at once proceed to polish it, which 
is done by taking a piece of coarse cloth, dipping it 
in whiting, previously dampened with alcohol, and 
rubbing it well over the surface until it is well pol- 
ished. If at any time, as sometimes will happen, 
the plate of silver becomes stained so that you 
cannot polish it, wet it with the fluid, put another 
plate of silver foil over it, and proceed to fasten it 
to the iron as you did with the first plate, then 
polish it with the whiting, &c. Some merely spit 
on the whiting instead of dampening it with the 
alcohol, but it is not so speedy a method. A 
friend of mine prefers heating the iron, then ap- 
plying the soldering fluid, then the coat of solder, 
and then laying on the silver foil, and pressing it 
on by means of a cloth, which he does by taking a 
piece of cloth about four inches wide and eight or 
ten inches long, catching one end in each hand and 



292 DEMONSTRATIVE TRANSLATION 

pressing and rubbing it from side to side, and 
round the article until the silver foil is firmly 
united, and then polishing as mentioned above. 
Some prefer plating the iron first with tin foil, then 
covering the tin with silver foil, and it is a good plan. 
A very good plan, if it is plane work (not carved) 
you are doing, is to take a piece of board one or two 
inches wide, and six or eight inches long, and lay 
it over the cloth you are polishing with, which 
gives you a greater purchase. I never knew this 
receipt to be sold for less than from $24 to $60. 



TO ALL WHO HAVE PURCHASED THIS 
WORK. 

You are now in possession of about all the latest 
and most useful receipts that are in the country ; 
many of which are now being sold, frequently, 
for from $5 to $10 and $20 each ; and if you will 
now be wise, do that which will be to your own 
interest, allow no man to see this work, but keep 
the receipts profoundly secret, except as you sell 
them. You may dispose of enough of them, 
written off, every year you have the book, to 
amount to twenty times the price of it. 



INDEX. 



A. 

PAGE. 

Agent, disinfecting ■ • 178 

Age. a horse's • ™ 

Animals, to paint - 256 

011 

Arts, elegant -* 1 

B. 

Bails, portable * 17 J 

Beer, to preserve, &c 2 ~°> l<6 

Birds, to paint 259 

Biscuits, soda > 1 " s 

Black, iron-work 6 '5 

Blacking, oil-paste 6 ° 

" water-proof ^ 

" best Tarnish 67 

Books, to gild 16 

Bottle, an illuminous 2 ~ 4 

Brass, &c, to gild 14 

" to make 183 

" red, to make 80 

Bronzing 87 

C. 

Candles, imitation wax 9 ? 

« lard 185 

Cakes... .^ 288 > 289 



294 INDEX. 

PAGE. 

Cakes, honey, &c 172, 174 

" &c, paste 287 

Carvacrol, for toothache 276 

Cement, fire and water-proof. 30 

" cast-iron 74 

" crockery 95 

" for china, &c 95 

" fire-proof, &c 177 

" Roman, or mastic 179 

" a choice 180 

« forbelts 213 

Cerate, camphor 277 

Cheese, to make, &c 238 to 241 

" « Stilton 275 

" coloring for 266 

China, mended as by Chinese 274 

Chlorine 90 

Cloth, to make water-proof 94 

" " rain-proof 180 

Colours, water 251 

11 mixing 252 

Copper, &c, to gild 14 

" coating with 17 

" blanched 78 

" Chinese white ... 79 

Cologne 70 

CoatiDg for gold varnish 116 

Colour, a mahogany 181 

Complexion, for the 219 

Cream, substitute for 175 

Currier's receipts 209, 210 

D. 

Diaphanie, or glass stainiDg 246 



INDEX. 295 

PAGE. 

Drinks 36 to 59 

Drowning, in case of 212 

Dye, hair 96 

Dyeing cloth, &c 99 to 107 

" blue composition for » 267 

F. 

Flowers, to paint..... , 258 

" the language of 271 

Fluid, gold plating 12 

" silver " 13 

« quicksilver plating 13 

" soldering..; 4 22 

es writing 32 

" burning 25, 26 

Fruit painting , 257 

G. 

Gilding, instructions for 221 

" on paper, &c 268 

Glass, to gild 15 

" staining 107 to 116 

" " imitation , 246 

" to bore 183 

Glue, liquid , 215 

Gold, mock 77 

" manheim 79 

" imitations 80 

" a variety of. Si to 86 

" ethereal, solution of. 231 

Grease for axles, &c 176 

Gunpowder 29 

Gun -barrels, to brown 215 



296 INDEX. 

H. TAGE. 

Hair, grow and curl 68 

" to curl 176 

" restorative 203, 207 

Hardening, case 74 

Hats, to bleach straw 106 

Honey 28, 29 

Horn, to soften — 81 

" moulds of 82 

Horse-training, genuine 133 to 141 

" " mandies 146 

I. 

Inks, various 31 to 36 

Iron, to copper 17 

" to silver 20 

" " plate 22, 23 

" to prepare, to copper 20 

" to plate , 290 

" to soften 75 

" cast, to weld 73 

Ivory, imitation 82 

J. 

Japanning 92 

L. 

Lacquers GO to 62 

Lacquer for brass 226 

Lacquering, to clean brass for 227 

Ladies, for 171 

Landscapes 260 

Leather, water-proof for 214 

Looking-glasses, to silver 23, 24 



INDEX. 297 

M. PAGE. 

Matches, to make 30 

Maps, colours for *..... 256 

Marrow, ox, for hair 70 

Mahogany, to imitate... 128 

" spots from 215 

Marble, &., to clean , 216 

Maxims, Dr. Franklin's 280 

Metal, Britannia 78 

" expanding , 79 

" Queen's 79 

Meats, to preserve , 175 

Medicines for man 185 to 209 

" " horses, &c 147 to 171 

Moulds and dyes , 81 

Mushrooms, to produce. 174 

0. 

Oil, fish, for paint 227 

Oils, hair 69, 70 

P. 

Painting, oriental 5 

" Grecian 242 

<• in milk 229 

" photocromatic, or Canadian oil 218 

'* transfer 6-8 

Paints, various 117 to 122 

" compound 122 to 129 

Paint, patent yellow 128 

" black walnut 129 

Painkiller 213 

Paste for razor strops 214 

Pewter, two kinds 78 



298 INDEX. 

PAGE. 

Pickling 130 to 133 

Pictures, to clean 235 

Pie, mince 172 

Plants, strawberry ,...268, 269 

Plating gold and silver 9 to 12 

Platinum, imitation 79 

Polish, French, to use 223 

" " for boots 273 

" varnish. 234 

" for oldfurniture 68 

Polishes, various 71, 72 

Porcelain, to gild 15 

Potichomanie 262 

Powder, ink 33 

" gold 83 

" copper 86 

Pork, to preserve, &c 176, 177 

Poison for bugs 178 

Poisons, antidotes for 210 

R. 

Rat?, &c, to kill 207 

Roses, cream of 220 

S. 

Sailcloth, to paint 217 

Secret, anglers , 95 

Sheep, staggers in 214 

Silvering, directions for 121 

" amalgam 17 

Silver, imitations 80 

" German i 183 

11 to clean 216 



INDEX. 299 

PAGE. 

Size, common , 86 

" gold 91 

Silk, water-proof.. 94 

Solution, cyanide of copper 19 

Solder, for tin 22 

Solders, various 75 to 77 

Soap, French chemical 31 

" shaving s 68 

" hard, and bar 70 

** chemical 133 

Soaps, various 184, 185 

Steel, to gild , 14 

" " weld , 72 

" " soften 75 

Stain, asphaltum 67 

Stains, for violins 97, 98 

various : 181, 182 

Steak, beef 173 

Starch, gum-arabic 178 

T. 

Teeth, for the 176 

Tomback 80 

Tools, to sharpen 267 

Tricks, jockey 141 to 146 

V. 

Varnishes 3, 4 

59, 60 

62-65 

90, 91 

182-217 

«* harness 65, €6 



300 INDEX. 

TAGE. 

Varnish, blacking 67 

Dr. John's 87 

11 for drawings 235 

11 " glass 235 

Varnishes 236, 237 

Vinegars 26-48 

W. 

Walnut, black, to imitate 129 

Wainscoat, to imitate 128 

Wax, grafting 175 

Wealth, the way to 277 

Whitewash, br''liant 59 

Whiskers, &c, to promote 200 

Wine, morella 96 

" from cider 174 

Wood, satin, to imitate 128 

y. 

Yeast 41 

" domestic 174 



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